Hard magnetization direction and its relation with magnetic permeability of highly grain-oriented electrical steel

A Novel Hysteresis Model of Magnetic Field Strength Determined by Magnetic Induction Intensity for Fe-3% Si Electrical Steel Applied in Cigarette Making Machines

“…A standard Epstein strip for testing is placed between the yokes, and a feedback control system implemented in Lab-VIEW was used to control the flux density to have repeatable and comparable measurements. The whole measurement was conducted in a magnetic shielding room and the computer was put in another room to avoid interference [2][3][4][5].…”

“…Fe-3% Si grain-oriented electrical steel is an important soft magnetic material, which is often used for cigarette machine sensor because of its high magnetic flux density and good magnetic performance [1][2][3][4][5]. Therefore, parameters such as iron loss, permeability, shielding efficiency, and Barkhausen noise of Fe-3% Si grain-oriented electrical steel have been studied extensively.…”

Orthotropic Non-hysteretic Permeability Model as a Lookup-table for FEA

“…To validate the laminated model, a benchmark FEsimulation is conducted in COMSOL, comparing the geometrically modelled laminate with an averaged continuum using the generated look-up table (9) at different angles with ϕ = 0 • denoting the flux in stacking direction z and ϕ = 9 • ! for the flux in rolling direction x.…”

Description of anisotropy of magnetic properties for chosen grades of electrical steels

“…Apart from these two above-discussed methods, which have solid foundations rooted in the theories of electromagnetism and materials science, in the literature there are also some other semi-empirical approaches, for instance [18][19][20]. The model proposed in the next section may be considered as a member of this class.…”