Hard Carbon with Nano-Graphite Domain as High Performance Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

The composite of hard carbon and nano-graphite (HCNG) is prepared by the pyrolysis of sucrose with the catalysis agent. In HCNG, nano graphite particles are imbedded in hard carbon. HCNG is used as the anode material for lithium ion battery and shows a low and flat discharge platform, which is similar to that of graphite. HCNG displays much higher capacity (450 mAh/g) than that of commercial graphite (CG) anode (360 mAh/g). Besides, much better rate performance is obtained with HCNG than CG. It is supposed that the increased capacity rises from the Li ion storage on the surface of the graphite nanocrystals embedded in amorphous carbon matrix. The improvement of the rate capability results from the small particle size of graphite phase and more ion transportation paths supplied by the amorphous carbon.

Peanut shell derived hard carbon as ultralong cycling anodes for lithium and sodium batteries

“…To address this issue, rechargeable sodium ion batteries (NIBs) have recently attracted the researcher's attention due to the low cost, abundant sodium resources [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Because of the similar insertion chemistry of lithium ions and sodium ions, various carbonaceous materials such as graphitic carbon [14][15][16], amorphous carbon (hard carbon [17][18][19][20] and soft carbon [21][22],etc., nanostructured carbon (graphene [23][24] and carbon nanotubes [25][26],etc.) have been widely investigated for NIB applications.…”

Hard carbon enveloped with graphene networks as lithium ion battery anode

“…In addition, HC characterized with the disordered texture and large particle size ( 415 μm) behaves lower conductivity than those organized carbon lattice, thereby leading to poor rate performance. To overcome these issues, substantial efforts have been made to modify the surface structure of HC anodes, such as vacuum and oxidation treating [4,5], pyrocarbon coating [6,7] and constructing hybrid anodes [8][9][10]. Though these surface modification methods can improve the Coulombic efficiency of HC to some extent, the rate performance and cyclability, two of the most significant properties as electrode material, are far from satisfactory.…”

Lithiation and delithiation behavior of sodium lithium titanate anode

“…Among all the anode materials, carbon-based materials are the most widely used lithium storage materials for commercial lithium-ion secondary batteries [1][2][3][4][5]. However, their low lithium intercalation potential is proximately closed to the metallic lithium plating potential, which may induce serious safety problem during usage [6][7][8].…”