Hard and Soft Border Paradigm for Border Governance in Indonesia: A General Review

Abstract

This study focuses on border governance paradigm for various relevant policies in Indonesia. By applying literature review method, it reveals that Indonesian border governance paradigm has shifted from hard to soft border paradigm. The change has significant impact on how managing border areas in the country. In fact, both paradigms have their own advantages and limitations. This study also shows that the preference between hard or soft boarder paradigm influences the decisions on how the government understand the complexity of the border.

Government Accountability in Border Management at Riau Province

“…43 of 2008, it is also stated that the central government and regional governments are each authorized and have the responsibility to regulate the management and utilization of the country's territory and border areas. (Ulfa et al, 2018).…”

Diskusi Dan Pemberian Pemahaman Mengenai Pengamanan Perbatasan Indonesia-Timor Leste Di Dili Institute of Technology

“…Proses kolaboratif sejalan dengan perubahan orientasi kebijakan perbatasan RI saat ini dari pendekatan kebijakan "hard-border security regime" ke pendekatan kebijakan "soft-border security regime". (Ulfa, Fimmastuti and Nia Rahmah, 2018) Daerah perbatasan di Indonesia umumnya jauh dari pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pemerintahan. "Ketimpangan pembangunan ekonomi dan sosial merupakan ciri yang menonjol dari wilayah perbatasan yang ditandai dengan keterbatasan berbagai sarana dan prasarana dasar yang diperlukan.…”