Harcèlement moral au travail, survictimation et problèmes du harceleur : quand les victimes sont jugées aussi responsables que leurs harceleurs

Abstract

Résumé Trente-deux scénarios relatifs au harcèlement professionnel variant en fonction des explications causales et de la survictimation du harcelé, des problèmes psychologiques du harceleur et de la situation économique de l’entreprise ont été soumis à soixante-quatre sujets qui jugeaient l’équité de la situation, la responsabilité du harcelé et du harceleur et la probabilité de venir en aide. Les résultats indiquent que le harcèlement est jugé d’autant moins équitable mais le harcelé, d’autant plus responsable, qu’il évoque une cause interne. La survictimation augmente la responsabilité de la victime et diminue l’intention d’aide. L’aide augmente lorsque l’entreprise est en essor et les problèmes psychologiques du harceleur. Le harceleur est jugé moins responsable lorsque l’entreprise est en difficulté.

Workplace Bullying and Victims’ Prosocial or Antisocial Behaviors: What Are the Effects on Equity, Responsibility Judgments, and Help Giving?

“…As previous results have shown (Desrumaux, 2007;Desrumaux & de Chacus, 2007), the fact of knowing that somebody is revictimized decreases the intention to assist. This appears paradoxical, because we might think that a revictimized person needs more help than others.…”

“…Thus, harassment is judged more equitable when the climate is based on strict rules and procedures (Desrumaux-Zagrodnicki et al, 2004). Another study shows that the bullied person is considered more responsible if he or she has already been victimized and when he or she offers internal explanations (Desrumaux, 2007). These judgments can be a clue, a way to explain the solitude and lack of help giving.…”

“…A few studies show that personal and organizational characteristics influence judgments of equity (Desrumaux-Zagrodnicki, Lemoine, & Mahon, 2004) and responsibility (Balducci, 2002;Desrumaux, 2007). Numerous organizational variables such as the style of management and the climate of the company influence and explain judgments and harassment.…”

“…Another fact is the lack of help toward the victim despite their poor position. Curiously recent studies on harassment show that victims are considered to be responsible for what happens to them (Desrumaux, 2007) and that the revictimization (defined as the inclination of a person to be victimized again) decreases the intention to help (Desrumaux & Dechacus, 2007). Thus, negative information as the fact to be revictimized increases the feeling that the victim of bullying is responsible for what happens to him or her and decreases the intention to help or assist this person.…”

Bullying of the Manager and Employees' Prosocial or Antisocial Behaviors: Impacts on Equity, Responsibility Judgments, and Witnesses' Help‐Giving

“…Thus, harassment is judged more equitable when the climate is based on strict rules and procedures (Desrumaux-Zagrodnicki et al, 2004). Second, it has been found that the bullied is considered more responsible if he or she has already been victimized and when he or she evokes internal explanations (Desrumaux, 2007). Third, revictimization decreases the intent to help.…”