Haptoglobin and pig-major acute protein are increased in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

Abstract

-The objective of this study was to determine the serum concentration levels of selected acute phase proteins (APP), haptoglobin (HPT) and pig-major acute phase protein (pig-MAP), in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) affected pigs and PCV2-subclinically infected pigs. In a first study, a group of 15 eight-week-old conventional pigs from a PMWS affected farm were bled and a complete necropsy, histopathology and in situ hybridisation to detect PCV2 were performed. Based on the results, pigs were classified as suffering from PMWS (n = 10) or healthy animals (n = 5). In a second study, a group of 45 pigs from another PMWS affected farm were selected and bled at 3, 7, 12 and 28 weeks of age. The assessment of PCV2 infection status in these pigs was retrospectively done by PCV2 PCR in serum samples. Selected APP were measured in the serum of all studied pigs by means of radial immunodiffusion. Mean HPT and pig-MAP levels were significantly increased (p = 0.004 and p = 0.0006 respectively) in PMWS-affected pigs when compared to levels found in healthy pigs (2.52 ± 0.88 mg/mL vs. 1.06 ± 0.73 mg/mL for HPT and 3.81 ± 1.53 mg/mL vs. 0.76 ± 0.34 mg/mL for pig-MAP). In the second study, no significant difference in mean HPT and pig-MAP values were observed between PCV2 PCR positive and negative pigs of any age. However, both APP increased significantly with age in PCV2 PCR negative pigs. Altogether, the present results suggest that APP levels are significantly increased in pigs that develop PMWS, but not in animals with a PCV2 subclinical infection. porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) / postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) / acute phase proteins / haptoglobin / pig major acute phase protein (pig-MAP)

Longitudinal analysis of acute-phase proteins in saliva in pig farms with different health status

“…However, our results were in contrast to other studies that have suggested that the development of signs of PMWS, in PCV2-infected animals, is the unique cause of the possible increment of APP (Segalé s et al, 2004). These differences between studies could be because of the time of sampling, as we evaluated the evolution of APP every week around the time of natural infection of animals with PCV2 (from 11 to 17 weeks of age), whereas in the other study only selected weeks (3, 7, 11 and 28 weeks of age) were monitored (Segalé s et al, 2004).…”

“…However, our results were in contrast to other studies that have suggested that the development of signs of PMWS, in PCV2-infected animals, is the unique cause of the possible increment of APP (Segalé s et al, 2004). These differences between studies could be because of the time of sampling, as we evaluated the evolution of APP every week around the time of natural infection of animals with PCV2 (from 11 to 17 weeks of age), whereas in the other study only selected weeks (3, 7, 11 and 28 weeks of age) were monitored (Segalé s et al, 2004). Furthermore, the different assays used to quantify each APP should be taken into account as a possible cause of difference, because highly sensitive methodologies could be required to measure slight variations of APP at very low levels, frequently next to the limit of detection, such as in sub-clinically infected animals (Eckersall, 2000).…”

“…To this end, we performed a longitudinal study monitoring salivary CRP and Hp levels in three different farms around the time of seroconversion of animals to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and/or PRRSv. We selected PCV2 and PRRSv as both infectious pathogens are major causes of economic losses for swine producers worldwide and affect late nursery and fattening pigs, causing growth retardation, respiratory distress and mortality as major clinical findings (Segalé s et al, 2004).…”

Pig Major Acute-Phase Protein and apolipoprotein A-I responses correlate with the clinical course of experimentally induced African Swine Fever and Aujeszky's disease

“…This protein was also referred to as PK-120 [26] or IHRP [36] being subsequently denominated ITIH4 (heavy chain 4 of the inter-alpha trypsin inhibitor family) [5]. Increases in the ITIH4 concentration under different physio-pathological situations have been reported in pigs [18,21,38], rats [10,17], bovines [30], humans [29,43] and mice [12]. In addition, we have previously reported that apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL), shows prominent decreases during experimental bacterial infection and acute inflammation [7,25].…”

“…It has often been suggested that in humans, viral infections caused a weaker response compared to that of acute bacterial infections [41]. However, not much is known about APP response elicited by viruses in pigs [2,11,35,38]. The aim of this work was to give a general view of the APP response elicited during two relevant viral infections that have been extensively studied in swine: African swine fever (ASF) and Aujeszky's disease (AD).…”