Haptic Interaction of Touch and Proprioception: Implications for Neuroprosthetics

Rincon-Gonzalez, Liliana; Warren, Jay P.; Meller, D. M.; Tillery, Stephen Helms

doi:10.1109/tnsre.2011.2166808

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Haptics is more than just tactile sensation. Rincon‐Gonzalez et al () investigated the interrelationship of tactile and proprioceptive senses, and their results suggest that “tactile sensation is encoded in a 2D map, but one which undergoes continual dynamic modification by an underlying [3D] proprioceptive map” to produce the whole haptic perception. A study using functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that sight and touch are linked in a cross‐modal arrangement in the somato‐sensory cortices (Hannson et al, ), suggesting that they are mutually enhancing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy

Reid

Shapiro

Louw

2018

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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Students' engagement with two-dimensional (2D) representations as opposed to three-dimensional (3D) representations of anatomy such as in dissection, is significant in terms of the depth of their comprehension. This qualitative study aimed to understand how students learned anatomy using observational and drawing activities that included touch, called haptics. Five volunteer second year medical students at the University of Cape Town participated in a six-day educational intervention in which a novel "haptico-visual observation and drawing" (HVOD) method was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews as well as a focus group discussion. The HVOD method was successfully applied by all the participants, who reported an improvement of their cognitive understanding and memorization of the 3D form of the anatomical part. All the five participants described the development of a "mental picture" of the object as being central to "deep learning." The use of the haptic senses coupled with the simultaneous act of drawing enrolled sources of information that were reported by the participants to have enabled better memorization. We postulate that the more sources of information about an object, the greater degree of complexity could be appreciated, and therefore the more clearly it could be captured and memorized. The inclusion of haptics has implications for cadaveric dissection versus non-cadaveric forms of learning. This study was limited by its sample size as well as the bias and position of the researchers, but the sample of five produced a sufficient amount of data to generate a conceptual model and hypothesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy

Reid

Shapiro

Louw

2018

Anatomical Sciences Ed

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“…There is growing evidence that touch and proprioception are connected in both anatomy and function. For example, animal studies demonstrated that in the primary somatosensory cortex many neurons with cutaneous receptive fields encode elements both of tactile contact and self-motion (Rincon-Gonzalez et al, 2011). Functional imaging data in a study of kinesthetic illusions reveal that very similar cerebral networks including cortical and subcortical sensorimotor areas are activated for both touch and kinesthetic perception and that these networks are also classically found in passive or imagined movement tasks (Kavounoudias et al, 2008).…”

Section: Why Do Sensory Tricks Reduce Symptoms In Dystonia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Focal dystonia in musicians: linking motor symptoms to somatosensory dysfunction

Konczak¹,

Abbruzzese²

2013

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Musician's dystonia (MD) is a neurological motor disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of those muscles involved in the play of a musical instrument. It is task-specific and initially only impairs the voluntary control of highly practiced musical motor skills. MD can lead to a severe decrement in a musician's ability to perform. While the etiology and the neurological pathomechanism of the disease remain unknown, it is known that MD like others forms of focal dystonia is associated with somatosensory deficits, specifically a decreased precision of tactile and proprioceptive perception. The sensory component of the disease becomes also evident by the patients' use of “sensory tricks” such as touching dystonic muscles to alleviate motor symptoms. The central premise of this paper is that the motor symptoms of MD have a somatosensory origin and are not fully explained as a problem of motor execution. We outline how altered proprioceptive feedback ultimately leads to a loss of voluntary motor control and propose two scenarios that explain why sensory tricks are effective. They are effective, because the sensorimotor system either recruits neural resources normally involved in tactile-proprioceptive (sensory) integration, or utilizes a fully functioning motor efference copy mechanism to align experienced with expected sensory feedback. We argue that an enhanced understanding of how a primary sensory deficit interacts with mechanisms of sensorimotor integration in MD provides helpful insights for the design of more effective behavioral therapies.

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“…Subjects do not perceive a third limb, but report a shift in position sense from the real arm to the fake one (11)(12)(13)(14), and there is even a decrease in skin temperature of the real arm (15). Incorporation of artificial limbs into the body schema began to be further explored with the advancement of brain machine interfaces (BMIs), hybrid systems that connect the brain with external devices (16)(17)(18)(19). Here, we recorded cortical ensemble activity in monkeys exposed to the paradigm that elicits RHI in humans (11)(12)(13)(14)20).…”

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confidence: 99%

Expanding the primate body schema in sensorimotor cortex by virtual touches of an avatar

Shokur

O’Doherty

Winans³

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The brain representation of the body, called the body schema, is susceptible to plasticity. For instance, subjects experiencing a rubber hand illusion develop a sense of ownership of a mannequin hand when they view it being touched while tactile stimuli are simultaneously applied to their own hand. Here, the cortical basis of such an embodiment was investigated through concurrent recordings from primary somatosensory (i.e., S1) and motor (i.e., M1) cortical neuronal ensembles while two monkeys observed an avatar arm being touched by a virtual ball. Following a period when virtual touches occurred synchronously with physical brushes of the monkeys' arms, neurons in S1 and M1 started to respond to virtual touches applied alone. Responses to virtual touch occurred 50 to 70 ms later than to physical touch, consistent with the involvement of polysynaptic pathways linking the visual cortex to S1 and M1. We propose that S1 and M1 contribute to the rubber hand illusion and that, by taking advantage of plasticity in these areas, patients may assimilate neuroprosthetic limbs as parts of their body schema.multielectrode recordings | cortical plasticity I n the early 1900s, Head and Holmes coined the concept of the "body schema" to describe the spatial model of the body that the brain builds based on sensory inputs from the skin, joints, and muscles, as well as visual and auditory signals (1). Numerous studies since then have explored different aspects of the body schema (2-6), particularly the role of cortical areas (7,8). The accumulated literature indicates that the body schema is plastic and can even incorporate artificial tools (5, 9, 10). A striking example of body schema plasticity is provided by the rubber hand illusion (RHI), in which subjects start to perceive a mannequin hand as their own after their real hand, hidden from sight, and the mannequin hand are repeatedly touched simultaneously (11-13). Subjects do not perceive a third limb, but report a shift in position sense from the real arm to the fake one (11-14), and there is even a decrease in skin temperature of the real arm (15). Incorporation of artificial limbs into the body schema began to be further explored with the advancement of brain machine interfaces (BMIs), hybrid systems that connect the brain with external devices (16)(17)(18)(19). Here, we recorded cortical ensemble activity in monkeys exposed to the paradigm that elicits RHI in humans (11)(12)(13)(14)20). ResultsMonkeys M and N were chronically implanted with microwire arrays in the primary motor (i.e., M1) and somatosensory (i.e., S1) cortical neuronal ensembles. They observed a 3D image of a virtual arm (i.e., an avatar arm) being touched by a virtual ball on an LCD screen while a robot slid a physical brush through the skin of their real arms ( Fig. 1 A and B). The virtual touch (V) and physical touch (P) were synchronous or asynchronous (Fig. 1C). In a subset of trials, virtual brushing occurred alone (i.e., Vonly).Excitatory and Inhibitory Responses to Physical Touch. Experiments with mon...

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Haptic Interaction of Touch and Proprioception: Implications for Neuroprosthetics

Cited by 32 publications

References 87 publications

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy

How Haptics and Drawing Enhance the Learning of Anatomy

Focal dystonia in musicians: linking motor symptoms to somatosensory dysfunction

Expanding the primate body schema in sensorimotor cortex by virtual touches of an avatar

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