Haplosporidium pinnae associated with mass mortality in endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) fan mussels

Panarese, Rossella; Tedesco, Perla; Chimienti, Giovanni; Latrofa, Maria Stefanía; Quaglio, Francesco; Passantino, Giuseppe; Buonavoglia, Canio; Gustinelli, Andrea; Tursi, Angelo; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2019.04.005

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All of the 18S rRNA sequences we obtained for H. pinnae , both from P. nobilis (MT431961–MT431987) and the heterologous host species (MT585819–MT585822), were identical among each other and exactly matched one of the 11 low-variable 18S rRNA sequences previously reported for H. pinnae isolated from P. nobilis [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 33 , 34 ], thus preventing further phylogenetic inferences.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Unfortunately, since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of the fan mussel populations has been observed in several Mediterranean areas, from the coasts of Spain eastward [ 12 ]. To date, epidemiological surveys have indicated different etiological agents as being responsible for the P. nobilis mass mortality, with Haplosporidium pinnae as the primary agent [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], followed by Mycobacterium sp. [ 16 ], Vibrio spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, our research focused on molecular surveys on P. nobilis samples collected in Sardinia during 2018 and 2019 to provide a more complete picture of the presence of environmental etiological agents that may be affecting local populations of the species. Based on previous studies [ 14 , 16 , 17 ], we focused our efforts on identifying protozoans and bacteria. In addition, we selected two Mediterranean bivalve heterologous host species as potential ‘sentinel organisms’ (i.e., Mytilus galloprovincialis , collected in 2019, and Ruditapes decussatus , collected in 2014) to check, using molecular tools, for the presence of infections by etiological agents in bivalves other than the fan mussel, in both the present and past years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis

Scarpa

Sanna

Azzena

et al. 2020

Life

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The fan mussel, Pinna nobilis, represents the largest bivalve endemic to the Mediterranean Sea. Since 2016, dramatic mass mortality of this species has been observed in several areas. The first surveys suggested that Haplosporidium pinnae (currently considered species-specific) was the main etiological agent, but recent studies have indicated that a multifactorial disease may be responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we performed molecular diagnostic analyses on P. nobilis, P. rudis, and bivalve heterologous host species from the island of Sardinia to shed further light on the pathogens involved in the mass mortality. The results support the occurrence of a multifactorial disease and that Mycobacterium spp. and H. pinnae are not necessarily associated with the illness. Indeed, our analyses revealed that H. pinnae is not species-specific for P. nobilis, as it was present in other bivalves at least three years before the mass mortality began, and species of Mycobacterium were also found in healthy individuals of P. nobilis and P. rudis. We also detected the species Rhodococcus erythropolis, representing the first report in fan mussels of a bacterium other than Mycobacterium spp. and Vibrio spp. These results depict a complicated scenario, further demonstrating how the P. nobilis mass mortality event is far from being fully understood.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis

Scarpa

Sanna

Azzena

et al. 2020

Life

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“…Vibrio mediterranei has been found associated to some disease condition of aquatic animals such as corals and scallops (Rubio-Portillo et al, 2014;Serrano et al, 2018) and associated to P. nobilis mortality in stabled individuals (Prado et al, 2019). No Vibrio mediterranei have been observed in Apulia (Panarese et al, 2019) and still lack data from Campania Sardinia and Sicily. V. alginolyticus is associated disease of marine animals including fish, crustaceans and molluscs (Balebona et al, 1998;Gómez-León et al, 2005;Ben kahla-Nakbi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brackish environments the causative agent of MSX disease Haplosporidium nelsoni has contributed to major mortalities in the eastern oyster populations (Crassostrea virginica) along the coast of the United States (Burreson and Ford, 2004). The new haplosporidian species, H. pinnae is reported associated to mass mortality events of P. nobilis in Balearic Islands (Catanese et al, 2018), Greece (Lesvos Island) (Katsanevakis et al, 2019) also reported in Italy (Panarese et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the Wake of the Ongoing Mass Mortality Events: Co-occurrence of Mycobacterium, Haplosporidium and Other Pathogens in Pinna nobilis Collected in Italy and Spain (Mediterranean Sea)

et al. 2020

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Following the Mass Mortality Events (MMEs) of the pen shell P. nobilis in Campania region and Sicily, a survey of moribund P. nobilis specimens was also conducted in other Italian regions (Campania, Tuscany, Sardinia, and Apulia) and Spain (Catalunya). Histopathological and molecular examination of 27 specimens of P. nobils revealed different types of pathogens associated with tissue lesions, morbidity and mortality. Presence of Mycobacterium, Vibrio species, Haplosporidium pinnae and Perkinsus sp. were detected, differently distributed into the areas. The Mycobacterium sp., previously reported in Campania and Sicily samples, was observed in all the analyzed areas and individuals, associated to systemic inflammatory lesions. In Spain, H. pinnae was observed in 36% of cases, always associated to the Mycobacterium sp. Molecular study using hsp65 genes and Internal Transcriber Spacer ITS support that a new species of Mycobacteria is infecting P. nobilis, close to M. triplex and belonging to the group of M. simiae complex with M. sherrisi. Presence of Perkinsus spp. resembling P. mediterraneus was observed in 2 out of 13 Italian individuals whose presence should be addressed as potential risk for shellfish aquaculture of the area. Vibrio spp. were also detected in some case. The preliminary results of this study suggest that Mycobacterium sp., Vibrio spp., H. pinnae and Perkinsus sp. cooperate to disease pathogenesis, being Mycobacterium and Haplosporidium most of the time involved. Vigilant inspection of those areas where MME is now starting, along with continuous systematic surveys, are crucial to define the spatiotemporal progress of mortality and the role of every single pathogen in the disease outcome.

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Reproduction of the endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis under natural and captivity conditions

Hernandis,

Prado,

García‐March

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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A mass mortality event that started in 2016 has put the fan mussel Pinna nobilis close to the brink of extinction, leading to the species being classified as Critically Endangered in the Red List of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Under current circumstances, with the persistence of the disease caused by Haplosporidium pinnae in the open sea, isolated populations in coastal lagoons and estuarine bays appear to be the main chance for the survival of the species. The low resilience of those populations highlights the importance of implementing additional measures to avoid the extinction of the fan mussel. One of these measures relies on completing its reproductive cycle in captivity. The reproductive window of the remaining fan mussel population in Alfacs Bay was explored to obtain gametes and to understand possible limitations in the reproductive activity in wild populations. For this purpose, during the reproductive season, several groups of individuals were relocated for short periods (~2 weeks) into the vivarium to obtain gametes under controlled conditions. Simultaneously, controlled temperature treatments and adapted food dosage for conditioning adult fan mussels out of their reproductive season in the wild were conducted in a recirculating aquaculture system. The reproduction of natural populations was mostly restricted to May, featuring temperatures around 20°C. A low success of spawning was obtained in the vivarium, with a 0% success in 11 out of 20 of the trials (six to nine individuals each) and an overall success of 16% (25 out of 156 individuals). A 100% success (14 out of 14) was obtained with individuals conditioned for ~2 months in the recirculating aquaculture system. A second conditioning of six of those individuals was attempted after a ~3‐month period, with a 33.3% success of spawning.

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Haplosporidium pinnae associated with mass mortality in endangered Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus 1758) fan mussels

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis

Multiple Non-Species-Specific Pathogens Possibly Triggered the Mass Mortality in Pinna nobilis

In the Wake of the Ongoing Mass Mortality Events: Co-occurrence of Mycobacterium, Haplosporidium and Other Pathogens in Pinna nobilis Collected in Italy and Spain (Mediterranean Sea)

Reproduction of the endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis under natural and captivity conditions

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