Haploids and Doubled Haploid Technology Application in Modern Plant Breeding

Abstract

Plant breeding, genetics, and genetic engineering all benefit from the use of doubled haploids technology. For genetic mapping of complicated phenotypes, the doubled haploid technique is a useful tool. To make doubled haploids, haploid cells (which are genetically unstable in the first place) can duplicate their genome at any point during their growth, resulting in diploid cells that don't require any additional therapies. The use of doubled haploidy in breeding is influenced by a variety of circumstances. Doubled haploids (DHs) are exploited in a variety of ways, depending on available technologies and species. In horticultural crops that are perennial in nature, outcrossing with inbreeding depression, or have high economic value where breeding time is critical, doubled haploids are gaining popularity as a powerful approach for enhancing genetic gain per cycle. For various reasons, the current methods for producing haploids and doubled haploids are primarily focused on the rapid generation of pure lines to speed hybrid seed production or CMS conversion, as well as the production of di-haploids to simplify breeding operations, such as in the case of potatoes. These approaches involve using methods based primarily on in vitro culture, in vivo induction of haploid development, or a combination of the two to make haploid embryos in vivo and then rescue them in vitro. Generally the aim of this review paper is to assess the technology of haploids, double haploids and their role in modern crop improvement program.