The nested association mapping (NAM) strategy promises to combine the advantages of linkage mapping and association mapping. The objectives of my research were to (i) investigate by computer simulations the power and type I error rate for detecting quantitative trait loci (QTL) with additive effects using recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations of maize derived from various mating designs, (ii) compare these estimates to those obtained for RIL populations of Arabidopsis thaliana, (iii) examine for both species the optimum number of inbreds used as parents of the NAM populations, and (iv) provide on the basis of the results of these two model species a general guideline for the design of NAM populations in other plant species. The computer simulations were based on empirical data of a set of 26 diverse maize inbred lines and a set of 20 A. thaliana inbreds both representing a large part of the genetic diversity of the corresponding species. I observed considerable differences in the power for QTL detection between NAM populations of the same size but created on the basis of different crossing schemes. This finding illustrated the potential to improve the power for QTL detection without increasing the total resources necessary for a QTL mapping experiment. Furthermore, my results clearly indicated that it is advantageous to create NAM populations from a large number of parental inbreds. M ANY traits that are important for fitness and agricultural value of plants are quantitative traits. Such traits are affected by many genes, the environment, and interactions between genes and the environment (Holland 2007). In plants, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is a key tool for studying the genetic architecture of quantitative traits (Yano 2001). This method enables the estimation of (i) the number of genome regions affecting a trait, (ii) the distribution of gene effects, and (iii) the relative importance of additive and nonadditive gene action.Until now, most of the plant QTL mapping studies have been based on linkage mapping methods using individual biparental populations. The major limitations of such approaches are a poor resolution in detecting QTL and that with biparental crosses of inbred lines only two alleles at any given locus can be studied simultaneously (Flint-Garcia et al. 2005). Association mapping methods, which are successfully applied in human genetics to detect genes coding for human diseases (e.g., Willer et al. 2008), promise to overcome these limitations (Kraakman et al. 2004). However, in comparison with linkage mapping approaches, association mapping approaches have only a low power to detect QTL in genomewide scans (Yu and Buckler 2006).The nested association mapping (NAM) strategy proposed by Yu et al. (2008) uses recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations derived from several crosses of parental inbreds. Due to diminishing chances of recombination over short genetic distance and a given number of generations, the genomes of these RILs are mosaics of chromosomal segments of their p...