Hapalosiphonacean cyanobacteria (Nostocales) thrived amid emerging embryophytes in an early Devonian (407-million-year-old) landscape

Strullu‐Derrien, Christine; Fercoq, Frédéric; Gèze, Marc; Kenrick, Paul; Martos, Florent; Selosse, Marc‐André; Benzerara, Karim; Knoll, Andrew H.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107338

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…Two forms, of which one is coccoid and Gloeocapsa - and Chroococcidiopsis -like, the other filamentous, allegedly heterocystous, and suggested to belong to the Nostocales, occur as photobionts of the putative cyanolichen Winfrenatia reticulata (Taylor et al 1997; Karatygin et al 2009). A further eight forms are filamentous, including Archaeothrix oscillatoriformis and A. contexta (Kidston & Lang, 1921; Krings et al 2009; Krings, 2021 a ); Kidstoniella fritschii , Langiella scourfieldii and Rhyniella vermiformis (Croft & George, 1959; recently merged into one taxon, L. scourfieldii , by Strullu-Derrien et al 2023); Croftalania venusta (Krings et al 2007; Krings, 2021 b ); Palaeolyngbya kerpii (Krings, 2019) and the complex, Stigonema -like Rhystigonema obscurum (Krings, 2021 c ). Loron et al (2023) illustrate what may be another Stigonema -like form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entophysalis in the Rhynie chert (Lower Devonian, Scotland): implications for cyanobacterial evolution

McMahon,

Loron,

Cooper

et al. 2023

Geol. Mag.

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The ∼407-myr-old Rhynie chert of Scotland contains exquisite body fossils of land plants, animals and microorganisms, which provide our earliest reasonably complete snapshot of a Phanerozoic terrestrial ecosystem. These fossils have been instrumental to our understanding of the ‘greening of the land’, a major transition in the history of the Earth–life system. Among the primary producers preserved in the chert are cyanobacteria, of which only a fraction have been formally described. Here, we report the occurrence of the colony-forming cyanobacterium Eoentophysalis in the Rhynie chert. To our knowledge, this represents the first bona fide record of Entophysalidaceae from any post-Cambrian fossil assemblage or any non-marine fossil assemblage of any age. The Rhynie Eoentophysalis appears remarkably similar in appearance both to modern marine and freshwater Entophysalis ssp. and to Eoentophysalis belcherensis, a shallow-marine fossil from the ∼2 Ga Belcher Group of Canada that is perhaps the oldest convincing cyanobacterium on record. Darkened cell envelopes in the Rhynie Eoentophysalis correspond well with both E. belcherensis and modern Entophysalis, whose cell envelopes often contain the photoprotective brown pigment scytonemin. The occurrence of Eoentophysalis in the Rhynie chert supports previous claims that the fossilisable traits of entophysalid cyanobacteria are evolutionarily static through geological time. These organisms may be such effective generalists that major changes in their environment – in this case, the transition to a fully non-marine habitat – have not imposed significant selection pressure on these traits.

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