Handwriting flexible electronics: Tools, materials and emerging applications

Liu, Yan; Mo, Shuting; Shang, Siyao; Wang, Peng; Zhao, Wei; Li, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.jsamd.2020.09.006

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…For the aforementioned reasons, the pen can be used for freestyle drawing of designs for various functions on diverse substrates, thereby extending pen-drawing into an intuitive manufacturing technique with high applicability. Owing to their various advantages, pens have been developed as versatile fabrication tools in many engineering applications such as microfluidics 3,4 , flexible electronics 1,2,6 , wearable devices 7,8 , and 3D manufacturing 9,10 .…”

Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer

Song

Lee

Choe

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Pen-drawing is an intuitive, convenient, and creative fabrication method for delivering emergent and adaptive design to real devices. To demonstrate the application of pen-drawing to robot construction, we developed pen-drawn Marangoni swimmers that perform complex programmed tasks using a simple and accessible manufacturing process. By simply drawing on substrates using ink-based Marangoni fuel, the swimmers demonstrate advanced robotic motions such as square and star-shaped trajectories, and navigate through maze. The versatility of pen-drawing allows the integration of the swimmers with time-varying substrates, enabling multi-step motion tasks such as cargo delivery and return to the original place. We believe that our pen-based approach will significantly expand the potential applications of miniaturized swimming robots and provide new opportunities for simple robotic implementations.

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Section: Mainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer

Song

Lee

Choe

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Flexible electronics is a game changer for prospective personal appliances and human-machine interfaces. [1][2][3][4] There are already numerous demonstrations of mechanically imperceptible, wearable, and even on-skin interactive systems exploiting tactile, [5][6][7][8] optical, [9] electrical, [10][11][12] and magnetic [13][14][15][16] stimuli. Mechanically compliant magnetoresistive sensors were used as touchless human-machine interfaces enabling the interaction with magnetic objects by means of proximity sensing, motion, and orientation tracking features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Magnetoreceptor with Tunable Intrinsic Logic for On‐Skin Touchless Human‐Machine Interfaces

Makushko

Mata

Bermúdez

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Artificial magnetoception is a new and yet to be explored path for humans to interact with the surroundings. This technology is enabled by thin film magnetic field sensors embedded in a soft and flexible format to constitute magnetosensitive electronic skins (e-skins). Being limited by the sensitivity to in-plane magnetic fields, magnetosensitive e-skins are restricted to basic proximity and angle sensing and are not used as switches or logic elements of interactive wearable electronics. Here, a novel magnetoreceptive platform for on-skin touchless interactive electronics based on flexible spin valve switches with sensitivity to out-of-plane magnetic fields is demonstrated. The technology relies on all-metal Co/Pd-based spin valves with a synthetic antiferromagnet possessing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The flexible magnetoreceptors act as logic elements, namely momentary and permanent (latching) switches. The switches maintain their performance even upon bending to a radius of less than 3.5 mm and withstand repetitive bending for hundreds of cycles. Here, flexible switches are integrated in on-skin interactive electronics and their performance as touchless human-machine interfaces is demonstrated, which are intuitive to use, energy efficient, and insensitive to external magnetic disturbances. This technology offers qualitatively new functionalities for electronic skins and paves the way towards full-fledged on-skin touchless interactive electronics.

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“…Direct ink writing (D.I.W) method, one of the types of 3D printing technology has attracted researchers in recent years and has been recognised as an advanced fabrication technology because of the wide scope of applications in manufacturing flexible, wearable electronic circuits and components [1][2][3][4][5] e.g., printing flexible circuits [6,7], wearable electronics [8,9], super capacitors [10,11], batteries [12,13], strain sensor [14,15], energy harvesting devices [16,17], touch screens [18,19], bio sensors [20][21][22]. This D.I.W technology advances in the fabrication of complex electronic circuits by adopting pneumatic extrusion process [23][24][25] by formulating ink with controlled rheology [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Printability of inks is very essential in D.I.W as they determine the performance of fabricated parts. In printed electronics, conductive inks can impart flexibility [4][5][6][7][8]11,32], mechanical robustness and electrical conductivity [15][16][17][18][19]33]. Many researchers have fabricated electronic circuits by D.I.W method with printable inks which are composites of nano fillers like CNT, graphene, carbon black, silver inks and polymers like polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyaniline (PANI) [11,14,15,18,22,34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization parameters effects on electrical conductivity of 3D printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol conductive ink

Ahammed

Praveen

2021

Int. J. Simul. Multidisci. Des. Optim.

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Fabrication of electronic circuits and the effects of optimization parameters on electrical conductivity of the printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method (D.I.W); one of the novel methods in 3D printing technologies is discussed in this work. This paper focuses on fabrication of electronic circuits using F-MWCNT/PVA conductive ink and analyses the effect of input printing process parameters namely nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, printing speed on evaluating the electrical conductivity. Box–Behnken approach is followed to generate the levels of experiments and the performance of developed model is assessed using ANOVA. Response surface method is incorporated to find the influencing parameters on electrical conductivity response. Two-point probe measurement method is performed to analyse the output response of the printed electronic circuits. Optimized printing parameters such as nozzle diameter of 0.8 mm, extrusion pressure of 0.1 MPa and printing speed of 4 mm/sec are found to be the best the for printing electronic circuits with high electrical conductivity.

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Handwriting flexible electronics: Tools, materials and emerging applications

Cited by 11 publications

References 156 publications

Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer

Pen-drawn Marangoni swimmer

Flexible Magnetoreceptor with Tunable Intrinsic Logic for On‐Skin Touchless Human‐Machine Interfaces

Optimization parameters effects on electrical conductivity of 3D printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol conductive ink

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