Handling of Pregnant Rats: Effects on Emotionality of Their Offspring

Ader, Robert; Conklin, P. M.

doi:10.1126/science.142.3590.411

Cited by 95 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…One of the most well-established models to date for the investigation of prenatal stress effects on offspring development and behavior is the prenatally stressed rat. Compared to unstressed controls, prenatally stressed rats show, for example, altered motor development (Barlow, Knight, & Sullivan, 1978;Fride & Weinstock, 1984), changes in sex-specific behaviors in male and female rats (Herrenkohl, 1986;McLeod & Brown, 1988;Ward, 1972), changes in emotional/motivational behavior such as anxiety-related behavior (Ader & Conklin, 1963;Ader & Plaut, 1968;Pfister & Ivinskis, 1983), and altered parental behavior (McLeod & Brown, 1988;Muir, Pfister, & Ivinskis, 1985). Further, prenatal stress decreased aggressive behavior in mice (Harvey & Chevins, 1985).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prenatal stress effects on exploratory activity and stress‐induced analgesia in rats

Szuran¹,

Zimmerman²,

Pliška³

et al. 1991

Developmental Psychobiology

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Pregnant rats were exposed three times daily to immobilization stress during gestational Days 15-19. The behavior of their offspring was compared with the behavior of offspring from unstressed control mothers. Although the stress procedure decreased the weight gain of mothers during pregnancy, it slightly but significantly increased the weight of their offspring at birth and at weaning. On postnatal Day 10, prenatally stressed pups returned to their home cage more quickly than did prenatally unstressed control pups during a nest odor discrimination task, but no differences between groups in the number of correct responses were found. On postnatal Days 70-72, prenatally stressed offspring showed increased exploratory activity in a complex tunnel maze compared with control offspring. On postnatal Day 80, analgesia induced by stress (swimming for 3 min in cold water) was determined (tail flick latency). The degree of stress-induced analgesia was smaller in prenatally stressed rats than in control rats. These data suggest that the effects of prenatal stress on behavior are most clearly discernable when such animals are confronted with a novel or stressful situation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prenatal stress effects on exploratory activity and stress‐induced analgesia in rats

Szuran¹,

Zimmerman²,

Pliška³

et al. 1991

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Liebeman (1963) reported increases and decreases (mostly nonsignificant) in defecation, depending on the nature of the prenatal hormone injection or stress procedure, and Ader and Conklin (1963) found significantly decreased defecation as a result of prenatal handling.…”

Section: Types Of Testmentioning

confidence: 96%

Prenatal psychological stress and offspring behavior in rats and mice

Archer

Blackman

1971

Developmental Psychobiology

132

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(1971). Prenatal Psychological Stress and Offspring Behavior in Rats and Mice. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHO-BIOLOGY, 4(3) 193-248. The experimental literature on the behavioral sequelae of prenatal stress in rodents is reviewed, from which few conclusions can be drawn except that some change in activity-reactivity may be induced. Were more careful consideration given t o certain methodologic dimensions, greater clarity of empirical relations could be achieved. These dimensions are: (I) the sex, species, and strain of animal observed; ( 2 ) the specification of the prenatal manipulation; and (3) the precision and completeness of the behavioral description which is the dependent variable studied. Multiple descriptions, as in a test-battery approach, appear t o be inefficient and generally unwarranted. prenatal stress stressors methodology emotionality laboratory rat laboratory mouse

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“…Although it is unlikely that this dose would cause placental damage, it cannot be excluded. In addition, maternal fever has been reported to be harmful to the fetal brain (54 (59,60) in the adult offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal immune challenge alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in adult rats.

Reul¹,

Stec²,

Wiegers³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

133

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We investigated whether non-abortive maternal infections would compromise fetal brain development and alter hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis functioning when adult. To study putative teratogenic effects of a T cell-mediated immune response versus an endotoxic challenge, 10-d-pregnant rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of 5 X 10i human red blood cells (HRBC) or gram-negative bacterial endotoxin (Escherichia coli LPS: 30 ag/kg). The adult male progeny (3 mo old) of both experimental groups showed increased basal plasma corticosterone levels. In addition, after novelty stress the HRBC group, but not the LPS group, showed increased AC'H and corticosterone levels. Both groups showed substantial decreases in mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels in the hippocampus, a limbic brain structure critical for HPA axis regulation, whereas GR concentrations in the hypothalamus were unchanged and in anterior pituitary were slightly increased. HRBC and LPS indeed stimulated the maternal immune system as revealed by specific anti-HRBC antibody production and enhanced IL-1ft mRNA expression in splenocytes, respectively. This study demonstrates that a T cell-mediated immune response as well as an endotoxic challenge during pregnancy can induce anomalies in HPA axis function in adulthood. Clinically, it may be postulated that disturbed fetal brain development due to prenatal immune challenge increases the vulnerability to develop mental illness involving inadequate responses to stress. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994.

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Handling of Pregnant Rats: Effects on Emotionality of Their Offspring

Cited by 95 publications

References 3 publications

Prenatal stress effects on exploratory activity and stress‐induced analgesia in rats

Prenatal stress effects on exploratory activity and stress‐induced analgesia in rats

Prenatal psychological stress and offspring behavior in rats and mice

Prenatal immune challenge alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in adult rats.

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