Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: State-of-the-Art Instrumentation and Applications in Material Identification, Food Authentication, and Environmental Investigations

Abstract

This present review article considers the rapid development of miniaturized handheld near-infrared spectrometers over the last decade and provides an overview of current instrumental developments and exemplary applications in the fields of material and food control as well as environmentally relevant investigations. Care is taken, however, not to fall into the exaggerated and sometimes unrealistic narrative of some direct-to-consumer companies, which has raised unrealistic expectations with full-bodied promises but has harmed the very valuable technology of NIR spectroscopy, rather than promoting its further development. Special attention will also be paid to possible applications that will allow a clientele that is not necessarily scientifically trained to solve quality control and authentication problems with this technology in everyday life.

Determination and managerial implications of machine conditions for high-grade industrial polycaprolactam (nylon 6)

“…Due to its shiny finish and simplicity in dyeing, it has a more aesthetically pleasing appearance than PA66. It is the best option for uses in the automotive, industrial, and military sectors 4 , 5 , which is the reason for the choice of the material in this study. Because of the excellent mechanical properties such as wear and abrasive resistance, superior strength, and toughness of PA6 6 , 7 , it is top ranked among the most employed chemical fibres in biomedical 8 , building and construction 9 , military, textiles industries, and in several other industries 10 , 11 .…”

Preparation of ionic liquid modified graphene and its effect on enhancing the properties of PA6 composites

“…The material has favorable mechanical performance, resistance to solvents and weathering, and exceptional processability, [1][2][3] rendering it extensively used in both industrial manufacturing and everyday civilian applications. 4,5 Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity of PA6 has a rather low value, around 0.25 WÁm À1 Ák À1 , hence imposing significant constraints on its potential range of applications. 6 Currently, most automotive radiators are made of aluminum or copper, which is difficult to process and high cost, which is not conducive to large-scale production.…”

“…Nylon 6 (PA6) is a kind of thermoplastic engineering plastic with superior comprehensive properties and the largest amount. The material has favorable mechanical performance, resistance to solvents and weathering, and exceptional processability, 1–3 rendering it extensively used in both industrial manufacturing and everyday civilian applications 4,5 . Nevertheless, the thermal conductivity of PA6 has a rather low value, around 0.25 W·m −1 ·k −1 , hence imposing significant constraints on its potential range of applications 6 .…”

A Multivariate Analysis-Driven Workflow to Tackle Uncertainties in Miniaturized NIR Data

“…Recent developments in miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) instruments have shown their effectiveness in diverse applications [3,4]. Literature is witnessing an increase in evidence supporting the utility of these instruments.…”