Handgrip strength in old and oldest old Swiss adults – a cross-sectional study

Wearing, Julia; Könings, Peter; Stokes, María; Bruin, Eling D. de

doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0959-0

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Two studies of younger populations from Korea and Japan reported lower prevalences of people with low handgrip strength (14.6% in men and women combined [22], 17.2% in men and 10.1% in women [23]). The differences between the previous studies and the present results may be explained by the age differences (mean age 76 years in their studies versus 83 years in the present study) and/or ethnic origin of the study population [22,23], since handgrip strength declines with age [39] and is reportedly lower in Asian than in European countries [42].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Generalizability of the results to the French-, Italian-and Romansh-speaking parts of Switzerland as well as to other countries is dependent on region-specific variation in handgrip strength. However, given that handgrip strength of adults 75 years and over in German-speaking Switzerland is similar to that of northern European countries, such as Denmark [39], the results of the current study are likely to be representative for older people from other northern and central European countries. Secondly, the subgroup of male participants was relatively small compared to the total population studied but is useful since published data from men > 80 years are rare.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…These were age, height, weight, sedative medication, fall history, osteoarthritis of the hands, global cognitive function, physical activity and basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Data collection is outlined briefly in Table 1, for more detailed explanations we refer to [39].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Swiss people – a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People has recently defined new criteria for identifying "(probable) sarcopenia" (EWGSOP2). However, the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, defined by these guidelines, has not been determined extensively, especially in the oldest old. This study aims to determine the prevalence of probable sarcopenia in older, community-living people and its association with strength-related determinants. Methods: Handgrip strength and reported determinants (age, height, weight, osteoarthritis of hands, medications, fall history, physical activity, activities of daily living (ADL) and global cognitive function) were collected in a crosssectional study of 219 community-living Swiss people (75 years and over). Probable sarcopenia was estimated based on cutoff values for handgrip strength as recommended by EWGSOP2. Spearman correlations, binary-regression analyses and contingency tables were used to explore relationships between variables. Results: The prevalence of probable sarcopenia in women (n = 137, age 84.1 ± 5.7 years) and men (n = 82, age 82.6 ± 5.2 years) was 26.3 and 28.0%, respectively. In women, probable sarcopenia correlated positively with age and falls (r s range 0.332-0.195, p < .05), and negatively with weight, cognition, physical activity, using stairs regularly, participating in sports activities and ADL performance (r s range = − 0.141-0.409, p < .05). The only significant predictor of probable sarcopenia at the multivariate level was ADL performance (Wald(1) = 5.51, p = .019). In men, probable sarcopenia was positively correlated with age (r s = 0.33, p < .05) and negatively with physical activity, participation in sports and ADL performance (r s range − 0.221-− 0.353, p < .05). ADL performance and age (Wald(1) = 4.46, p = .035 and Wald(1) = 6.30, p = .012) were the only significant predictors at the multivariate level. Men and women with probable sarcopenia were 2.8 times more likely to be dependent in ADL than those without. Conclusion: Probable sarcopenia affected one in every four community-living, oldest old people and was independently associated with impaired ADL performance in both sexes. This highlights the importance of detection of handgrip strength in this age group in clinical practice. Although prospective studies are required, independence in ADL might help to protect against probable sarcopenia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Swiss people – a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…Functional status was better among individuals aged 65 and over [66]. Hand grip strength decreased with age [67,68], explaining a lower score in our result, in favor of higher prevalence of sarcopenia (See Additional file 3).…”

Section: Comparison With Younger Elderly Comparison With Individual Amentioning

confidence: 59%

Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background: The oldest old (individuals over 90 years) are a fast-growing population. Characterizing their specificity would be helpful to adapt health care. This study aimed to characterize the cognitive, functional, nutritional, and physical status of individuals over 90. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of cross-sectional or cohort studies of individuals aged 90 years old or more, living at home or in a nursing home, in April 2018. Two reviewers selected eligible articles, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias (assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale). Results: The search strategy identified 3086 references; 35 articles were included referring to 8 cross-sectional and 27 longitudinal studies. Dementia was diagnosed in 30-42.9% of study participants, cognitive impairment in 12-50%, and 31-65% had no cognitive impairment. In terms of activities of daily living, 14-72.6% of individuals had no difficulty, 35.6-38% had difficulty, and 14.4-55.5% were dependent. For instrumental activities of daily living, 20-67.9% needed help. Regarding nutritional status, the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form mean score ranged from 10.3 (SD: 1.8) to 11.1 (SD: 2.4). Eight to 32% of individuals could not stand up from a chair, 19-47% could stand without the use of their arms; and 12.9-15% were not able to walk 4 m. Conclusions: These results suggest a heterogeneous population with a certain proportion of oldest old with a low level of disability. These findings suggest that a specific approach in the care of the oldest old could help prevent disability.

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“…This instrument contains a list of the most common problems in older people and this study considered cardiovascular problems, hypertension, diabetes, hearing loss, and dementia; Handgrip strength was assessed using a dynamometer considering four attempts, two on each hand. The final score corresponds to the average of the highest values for each hand (Wearing et al, 2018;Zammit et al, 2019).…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Major Neurocognitive Disorders in Primary Health Care: Predictors of Individual Risk Factors

2020

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50 + (CA50 +), Porto, Portugal Major Neurocognitive Disorders describe the symptoms of a large group of diseases causing a progressive decline in individual's functioning. It is an umbrella term describing a decline in memory, intellectual ability, reasoning, and social skills, as well as changes in normal emotional reactions. The general practitioner is instrumental in the early diagnosis of Major Neurocognitive Disorder. Individual risk factors act as contributing variables affecting the probability of someone developing a Major Neurocognitive Disorder and may be considered predictive factors. This study aimed (i) to show the utility of using the Global Deterioration Scale in primary health care settings as a measure to assess the stage of cognitive function for individuals identified with Major Neurocognitive Disorders and (ii) to identify predictors of severe Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Potential predictors of Major Neurocognitive Disorders considered in this study were: sex, age, years of education, social isolation, hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, physical activity, hand strength, and nutritional status. The sample comprised 250 adults, 30.4% were classified as having probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The variables significantly associated with probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder were age, years of education, hearing impairment, cardiovascular disease, hand strength, nutritional status, and physical activity. In the multivariable model, only age, education, physical activity and hand strength remained significant predictors of probable Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The Global Deterioration Scale seems to be a usefull instrument in primary healthcare settings, as it guides the general practitioner in observing the patients' cognitive functioning. Advanced age, lower education, lower hand strength and absence of physical activities should be taken into account as they increase the chance of severe Major Neurocognitive Disorders. Primary health care providers, including general practitioners are very important in the diagnosis and follow up of Major Neurocognitive Disorder. The general practitioner is in most cases the patients' first and for many patients the only contact, thus having a critical role in evaluating with caution what is part of normal or pathological aging, and the individual factors that can increase the likelihood of developing Major Neurocognitive Disorder to further support patients in the course of the disease.

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Handgrip strength in old and oldest old Swiss adults – a cross-sectional study

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Swiss people – a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of probable sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Swiss people – a cross-sectional study

Cognitive, functional, physical, and nutritional status of the oldest old encountered in primary care: a systematic review

Assessment of Major Neurocognitive Disorders in Primary Health Care: Predictors of Individual Risk Factors

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