The H.N. Handedness Inventory, originally administered to a sample of 1199 Japanese students in 1973, was administered to a new sample of 1700 Japanese students 20 years later. It was found that the population of left-handed and ambidextrous females had increased. The incidence of inverted left-hand writers was very small. Comparison of the two sets of data demonstrates the effects of non-biological factors upon lateral preference.Resume La classification de la manualite HN, administree une premiere fois en 1973 a un echantillon de 1 199 etudiants japonais, a ete administree, 20 ans plus tard, a un nouvel echantillon de 1 700 etudiants japonais. On y a decouvert que la population de femmes gaucheres et ambidextres avait augmente. L'incidence de la manualite gauche inversee etait tres faible. Une comparaison des deux sources de donnees a demontre les effets des facteurs non biologiques sur la preference en matiere de manualite.Handedness distribution has been attributed, among other things, to genetic factors and early hemisphere lesions as well as to cultural demands and parental pressure (Coren & Porac, 1979;Harris, 1990). Although the effect of each of the contributory factors upon eventual hand preference is still uncertain, it is possible to assess the influence of non-biological factors by comparing the attitudes of different cultures towards left handedness (see, e.g.,