Handbook of Textile Fibres, Volume 1: Natural Fibres

Cook, J. Gordon

doi:10.1533/9781845693152

Cited by 67 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…7 shows the range for each of the seven colours and the five replicates tested (35 yarns in all). Cook (1993) reported the normal range of tenacity for wool as 8.8-15.0 cN/tex when dry. Garside and Brooks (2005) measured a value 10.3 (+3.1) cN/tex.…”

Section: Tenacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of wool and cotton yarns used in twenty-first century tapestry: Preparing for the future by understanding the present

Smith

Flowers

Lennard

2014

Studies in Conservation

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The conservation of historic tapestries is a complex and highly skilled task. Tapestries now being woven will need conservation in years to come. Can we, by understanding the properties of these contemporary works, assist the conservators of the future? The recreation of the Hunt of the Unicorn tapestries being undertaken by the West Dean Tapestry Studio offers a unique opportunity to access the materials being used and to create a body of data on their initial properties. This study uses tensile testing of the warp and weft materials to determine their maximum load at break, extension at maximum load, and specific stress (tenacity). Wool weft yarns from two different sources and of two thicknesses were examined. These wools were dyed 'in house' and the effect of the different dyes used was also assessed. These parameters all showed some significant (P < 0.05) differences. Cotton warp yarns of differing thickness and a gold thread were also tested. The comparison of how cotton and wool break demonstrates that when a tapestry is put under sufficient stress the cotton will snap but the wool may only stretch. However, this could often be beyond its recovery range resulting in a failure to return to shape.

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Section: Tenacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical properties of wool and cotton yarns used in twenty-first century tapestry: Preparing for the future by understanding the present

Smith

Flowers

Lennard

2014

Studies in Conservation

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“…The other important fabric variables effecting strength of woven fabrics are fiber properties, yarn properties, warp and weft densities, fabric weave, crimp and finishing process. Fabric strength tends to increase as the thread densities in both directions increase (Greenwood 1975;Adanur 2001;Mohamed and Lord 1973;Lee et al 1996;Bassett et al 1999;Cook 2001). …”

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confidence: 99%

Efficacy of whip roller setting on physical attributes of denim fabric

2017

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Whip roller settings in a weaving machine is one of the vital factor to adjust warp yarn tension properly as well as delivering fault free fabric. The present study was undertaken with an aim to explore the influence of whip roller settings on various physical and mechanical properties of both grey and finished 100% cotton denim fabric in order to select suitable position of whip roller for producing particular (3/1 twill) denim fabric. For this purpose total eight positions of whip roller were selected keeping constant depth with variable height in five cases and constant height with variable depth in three cases. The samples were produced in an air jet loom and some prominence like EPcm, PPcm, areal density, tensile strength, dimensional stability, air permeability, crimp% and skewness were checked. Data analysis of all the results showed that with the ascendance of whip roller, crimp% of warp yarn was decreased whereas crimp% of weft yarn was increased both in grey and finished state. Decreasing the depth of whip roller caused increment of both warp and weft crimp% in both state. Tensile strength in warp way direction was found to increase gradually up to a certain roller height and then decreased whereas air permeability showed reverse trend in both state. Warp density, Weft density as well as areal density was also affected by the alteration in settings of whip roller. Due to reduction of roller depth, warp way tensile strength and lengthwise shrinkage were reduced but air permeability had improved.

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“…At maturity, the boll opens to expose the mass of cotton fibers, which can be as many as 150,000 or more fibers per boll. 28 Each fiber is mostly of cellulose, typically 94%, but the cellulose content may vary as a result of variations in soil, growing climate, and cotton varietal. 29 The remaining 6% of the fiber is composed of proteins, pectic material, minerals, and organic molecules.…”

Section: Collection Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the non-cellulosic material, however, is removed during processing. 28 The basic structure of cellulose is the The outermost region of the cotton fiber is the cuticle, which protects the fiber from oxidation and is made primarily of waxes and pectic material. Immediately inside the cuticle is the primary wall laid during the first phase of growth.…”

Section: Collection Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Dynamic Headspace Concentration Technique for the Non-Contact Sampling of Human Odor Samples and the Creation of Canine Training Aids

DeGreeff¹

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Scent evidence is often collected by law enforcement agencies using a Scent Transfer Unit, a dynamic headspace concentration device. The goals of this research were to evaluate the STU-100 for the collection of human scent samples, and to apply this method to the collection of living and deceased human samples, and to the creation of canine training aids.The airflow rate and collection material used with the STU-100 were evaluated using a novel scent delivery method. Controlled Odor Mimic Permeation Systems were created containing representative standard compounds delivered at known rates, improving the reproducibility of optimization experiments.viii Flow rates and collection materials were compared. Higher air flow rates usually yielded significantly less total volatile compounds due to compound breakthrough through the collection material. Collection from polymer and cellulose-based materials demonstrated that the molecular backbone of the material is a factor in the trapping and releasing of compounds. The weave of the material also affects compound collection, as those materials with a tighter weave demonstrated enhanced collection efficiencies.Using the optimized method, volatiles were efficiently collected from living and deceased humans. Replicates of the living human samples showed good reproducibility; however, the odor profiles from individuals were not always distinguishable from one another. Analysis of the human remains samples revealed similarity in the type and ratio of compounds.Two types of prototype training aids were developed utilizing combinations of pure compounds as well as volatiles from actual human samples concentrated onto sorbents, which were subsequently used in field tests. The pseudo scent aids had moderate success in field tests, and the Odor pad aids had significant success. This research demonstrates that the STU-100 is a valuable tool for dog handlers and as a field instrument; however, modifications are warranted in order to improve its performance as a method for instrumental detection.

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Handbook of Textile Fibres, Volume 1: Natural Fibres

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical properties of wool and cotton yarns used in twenty-first century tapestry: Preparing for the future by understanding the present

Mechanical properties of wool and cotton yarns used in twenty-first century tapestry: Preparing for the future by understanding the present

Efficacy of whip roller setting on physical attributes of denim fabric

Development of a Dynamic Headspace Concentration Technique for the Non-Contact Sampling of Human Odor Samples and the Creation of Canine Training Aids

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