Handbook of respiration

Altman, Philip L.; Grebe, Rudolph M.; Katz, Dorothy Dittmer

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.6446

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Based on the handling of the whole blood in vitro , the total partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide was considered to be proportional to the total dissolved gas and was measured to be 136 ± 5 mm Hg. The total partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in human arterial blood is ~134 mm Hg, whereas the total partial pressure of all dissolved gases is slightly less than 1 atm (Altman 1958). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Attenuation Measurements of Phospholipid-Shelled Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Raymond

Haworth

Bader

et al. 2014

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation of three phospholipid-shelled ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs): Definity, MicroMarker and echogenic liposomes. A broadband through-transmission technique allowed for measurement over 2 to 25 MHz with a single pair of transducers. Viscoelastic shell parameters of the UCAs were estimated using a linearized model developed by N. de Jong, L. Hoff, T. Skotland and N. Bom (Ultrasonics 1992; 30:95–103). The effect of diluent on the attenuation of these UCA suspensions was evaluated by performing attenuation measurements in 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin and whole blood. Changes in attenuation and shell parameters of the UCAs were investigated at room temperature (25°C) and physiologic temperature (37°C). The attenuation of the UCAs diluted in 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin was found to be identical to the attenuation of UCAs in whole blood. For each UCA, attenuation was higher at 37°C than at 25°C, underscoring the importance of conducting characterization studies at physiologic temperature. Echogenic liposomes exhibited a larger increase in attenuation at 37°C versus 25°C than either Definity or MicroMarker.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Broadband Attenuation Measurements of Phospholipid-Shelled Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Raymond

Haworth

Bader

et al. 2014

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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show abstract

“…tic patients showed joint-space narrowing, sclerotic changes, and erosion of grade 11 or 111, or both, according to criteria recently advocated by Altman et al (1). All patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with steroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.…”

Section: Tissue Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide in human osteoarthritis

Okano

Tsukazaki

Ohtsuru

et al. 1997

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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To evaluate the involvement of the expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in human articular cartilage pathology, we performed immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization on specimens of femoral head cartilage obtained from 15 patients with osteoarthritis, 11 with rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 control subjects. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide-positive chondrocytes were observed predominantly in degenerated lesions of osteoarthritic tissue and were less evident in rheumatoid arthritic samples, while the normal cartilage expressed little parathyroid hormone-related peptide. In addition, the level of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression was clearly dependent on the degree of cartilage degeneration; cartilage tissues with moderate degenerative changes contained more positive chondrocytes compared with mildly or severely degenerated cartilage. In situ hybridization confirmed the localization of parathyroid hormone-related peptide protein and demonstrated intense expression of mRNA of the peptide in osteoarthritic samples. This is the first demonstration of parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in chondrocytes from pathologic articular cartilage of humans. Our results suggest that parathyroid hormone-related peptide may be involved in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis.

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“…The beads were tested under gastric conditions (2.86 g NaCl, 0.865 g KCl, 0.4 g CaCl 2 /L; all Sigma‐Aldrich Analytical Grade Chemicals) for 2 h and then intestinal conditions (6.5 g NaCl, 0.835 g KCl, 0.22 g CaCl 2 , 1.386 g NaHCO 3 /L; all Sigma‐Aldrich Analytical Grade Chemicals) for 3 h at 37°C. These GI solutions were prepared such that they simulated gastric and intestinal solutions physiologically similar to gastric juice for a human who has fasted 20. Both of these solutions were made fresh, 24 h before the experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of ionically crosslinked chitosan and chitosan–bovine serum albumin beads for novel gastrointestinal functionality

Rayment

Butler

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The objective of the work was to determine whether chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) systems can be used to develop safe gel particles for in vivo applications. In particular, we are interested in the use of chitosan systems capable of swelling at low pH in vitro as potentially swellable, satiety-enhancing ingredients. The formation of homogeneous chitosan-TPP gel beads was improved by reducing the pH of the TPP gelling bath from 8.5 to 4.0 thus increasing the cationic nature of chitosan and the crosslink density. However, the mechanical strength of this system was reduced compared to the basic system. This has been related to tightening of the gel network by increased shrinking of this system. Although release studies have shown that decreasing the pore size of the gel, by increasing the crosslink density through increasing the TPP concentration, is a good way to trap our model release polymer (dextran), in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, these ionic gel beads showed marked shrinking. We propose that this is due to screening of the charge on the chitosan molecule in the presence of salt and/or an excess of TPP which encourages ionic interactions. We conclude that these ionic gels are an unfeasible alternative satiety-enhancing ingredient to covalently crosslinked systems.

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Handbook of respiration

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Broadband Attenuation Measurements of Phospholipid-Shelled Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Broadband Attenuation Measurements of Phospholipid-Shelled Ultrasound Contrast Agents

Expression of parathyroid hormone‐related peptide in human osteoarthritis

Investigation of ionically crosslinked chitosan and chitosan–bovine serum albumin beads for novel gastrointestinal functionality

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