"Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease" in Birmingham in 1959

Alsop, Jonathan; Flewett, T. H.; Foster, John

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5214.1708

Cited by 107 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The dynamics of spatial clustering of air pressure and sunshine hours are similar to those of temperature because these two climate indictors have a strong association with temperature. The 7-week delay in HFMD (Goh et al, 1982;Garner and Lack, 1995); b (Alsop et al, 1960;Chang et al, 2002); c (Alsop et al, 1960); d (Wang et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dynamic patterns of hand-foot-mouth disease in the People’s Republic of China

Wang

Tong

et al. 2013

Geospat Health

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Abstract. Hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) is the most common and widespread infectious disease in the People's Republic of China. Although there has been a substantial increase of HFMD in many parts of the country in recent years, its spatial dynamics and determinants remain unclear. When we collected and analysed weekly data on HFMD cases from 1,456 counties and the corresponding meteorological factors from 1 May 2008 to 27 March 2009, it was found that HFMD was spatially dispersed across the country in the summer and winter, while clustered in the spring and autumn. The spatial variation of HFMD was found to be affected by a combination of climate variables, while its spatio-temporal transmission was largely driven by temperature variations with a 7-week lag implying that (i) the dispersal of the disease can be anticipated based on the variation of the temperature and other climate variables; and (ii) the spatial dynamics of HFMD can be robustly predicted 7 weeks ahead of time using temperature data only. The findings reported allow prompt preparation and implementation of appropriate public health interventions to control and prevent disease outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial dynamic patterns of hand-foot-mouth disease in the People’s Republic of China

Wang

Tong

et al. 2013

Geospat Health

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“…109,110 Epidemiology Following the isolation of CV-A16 in South Africa in 1951, 111 a CV-A16 outbreak occurred in 1957 in Toronto 112 and the new illness was later described in 1960 by Aslop as "hand-foot-and-mouth" disease. 113 EV-A71 was isolated in California in 1969 from a patient with encephalitis. 114 Since their discoveries, both viruses have been the cause of large life-threatening epidemics throughout the world, in North America, Europe, Australia, and Asia.…”

Section: Enteroviruses Cell and Tissue Tropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is a multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine feasible?

Klein¹,

Chong

2015

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Keywords: bivalent and multivalent vaccines, coxsackievirus A16, coxsackieviruses B3 and B5, echovirus 30, epidemiology, enterovirus A (EV-A), enterovirus A71, hand, foot and mouth diseases, inactivated whole virion vaccines, monovalent, EV-A71 vaccine Enterovirus A infections are the primary cause of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children. Although enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the predominant causes of HFMD epidemics worldwide, EV-A71 has emerged as a major neurovirulent virus responsible for severe neurological complications and fatal outcomes. HFMD is a serious health threat and economic burden across the Asia-Pacific region. Inactivated EV-A71 vaccines have elicited protection against EV-A71 but not against CV-A16 infections in large efficacy trials. The current development of a bivalent inactivated EV-A71/CV-A16 vaccine is the next step toward that of multivalent HFMD vaccines. These vaccines should ultimately include other prevalent pathogenic coxsackieviruses A (CV-A6 and CV-A10), coxsackieviruses B (B3 and B5) and echovirus 30 that often co-circulate during HFMD epidemics and can cause severe HFMD, aseptic meningitis and acute viral myocarditis. The prospect and challenges for the development of such multivalent vaccines are discussed.

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“…Classically, the vesicular exanthem of HFMD is restricted to the hands, feet, and occasionally the buttocks. 10,13,14,19,21,22 The accompanying enanthem consists of small vesicles and erosions on the oral mucosa. 12,13 The exanthem in our series differed by commonly involving the perioral area, extremities, and torso in addition to more classic HFMD locations.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“Eczema Coxsackium” and Unusual Cutaneous Findings in an Enterovirus Outbreak

Oza²,

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE: To characterize the atypical cutaneous presentations in the coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6)–associated North American enterovirus outbreak of 2011–2012. METHODS: We performed a retrospective case series of pediatric patients who presented with atypical cases of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) from July 2011 to June 2012 at 7 academic pediatric dermatology centers. Patients were included if they tested positive for CVA6 or if they met clinical criteria for atypical HFMD (an enanthem or exanthem characteristic of HFMD with unusual morphology or extent of cutaneous findings). We collected demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data including history of skin conditions, morphology and extent of exanthem, systemic symptoms, and diagnostic test results. RESULTS: Eighty patients were included in this study (median age 1.5 years, range 4 months–16 years). Seventeen patients were CVA6-positive, and 63 met clinical inclusion criteria. Ninety-nine percent of patients exhibited a vesiculobullous and erosive eruption; 61% of patients had rash involving >10% body surface area. The exanthem had a perioral, extremity, and truncal distribution in addition to involving classic HFMD areas such as palms, soles, and buttocks. In 55% of patients, the eruption was accentuated in areas of eczematous dermatitis, termed “eczema coxsackium.” Other morphologies included Gianotti-Crosti–like (37%), petechial/purpuric (17%) eruptions, and delayed onychomadesis and palm and sole desquamation. There were no patients with serious systemic complications. CONCLUSIONS: The CVA6-associated enterovirus outbreak was responsible for an exanthem potentially more widespread, severe, and varied than classic HFMD that could be confused with bullous impetigo, eczema herpeticum, vasculitis, and primary immunobullous disease.

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"Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease" in Birmingham in 1959

Cited by 107 publications

References 1 publication

Spatial dynamic patterns of hand-foot-mouth disease in the People’s Republic of China

Spatial dynamic patterns of hand-foot-mouth disease in the People’s Republic of China

Is a multivalent hand, foot, and mouth disease vaccine feasible?

“Eczema Coxsackium” and Unusual Cutaneous Findings in an Enterovirus Outbreak

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