“…From all included studies, 16 used EEG-based systems based on motor imagery (Pfurtscheller et al, 2000 ; Webb et al, 2012 ; Xiao et al, 2014 ; Soekadar et al, 2015 ; Bi et al, 2017 ; Cantillo-Negrete et al, 2018 ; Kapsalyamov et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ; Badesa et al, 2020 ; Araujo et al, 2021 ), motor execution (Fok et al, 2011 ; King et al, 2014 ; Lee et al, 2017 ; Chowdhury et al, 2018 ), SSVEP (Ortner et al, 2011 ), or ERP (Pedrocchi et al, 2013 ; Delijorge et al, 2020 ) to control the ULO. One included study by Lee et al ( 2017 ) exploited brain activation not directly by EEG, but indirectly by measuring hemodynamic responses, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), i.e., the varying concentration of oxygen in the blood in activated nerve cells in the cerebral cortex (Naseer and Hong, 2015 ).…”