Hand dexterity and direct disease related cost in multiple sclerosis

Effect of natalizumab on disease progression in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (ASCEND): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with an open-label extension

“…30 Upperlimb function correlates independently with quality of life 31 and is a strong predictor of treatment costs in multiple sclerosis. 32 Preservation of upperlimb function ranks highly among treatment benefits desired by disabled patients with multiple sclerosis, in some instances more highly than lowerlimb function for maintenance of independence. Patients also consider that those confined to wheelchairs should not be excluded from future clinical trials in progressive multiple sclerosis.…”

Reduced cortical microvascular oxygenation in multiple sclerosis: a blinded, case-controlled study using a novel quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy method

“…Two trials of the 9 hole peg test using the dominant, as well as the non-dominant hand, were conducted (results were averaged). The 9 hole peg test 31 involved placing 9 pegs into 9 slots in a standardized peg board. The time required to insert all 9 pegs into their respective slots was measured.…”

Pulse Width Does Not Influence the Gains Achieved With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

“…17 Previous reports suggest that NMES interventions have mixed effects on disability status of persons with MS, 4,5 but exercise programs can modulate some measures of disability. We expected that the most likely disability measures to be influenced by the NMES protocols would be the test of manual dexterity (grooved pegboard test), 18,19 walking limitations, 20 and level of fatigue. 4,21,22…”