Hanbury-Brown–Twiss interferometry with quantum transport of the interfering pair

Abstract

In the late stage of the evolution of a pion system in high-energy heavy-ion collisions when pions undergo multiple scatterings, the quantum transport of the interfering pair of identical pions plays an important role in determining the characteristics of the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) interference. We study the quantum transport of the interfering pair using the path-integral method, in which the evolution of the bulk matter is described by relativistic hydrodynamics while the paths of the two interfering pions by test particles following the fluid positions and velocity fields. We investigate in addition the effects of secondary pion sources from particle decays, for nuclear collisions at AGS and RHIC energies. We find that quantum transport of the interfering pair leads to HBT radii close to those for the chemical freeze-out configuration. Particle decays however lead to HBT radii greater than those for the chemical freeze-out configuration. As a consequence, the combined effects give rise to HBT radii between those extracted from the chemical freeze-out configuration and the thermal freeze-out configuration. Proper quantum treatments of the interfering pairs in HBT calculations at the pion multiple scattering stage are important for our understanding of the characteristics of HBT interferometry in heavy-ion collisions.PACS numbers: 25.75.Gz, 25.75.Nq

Squeezed correlations ofϕmeson pairs for hydrodynamic sources in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

“…With the equation of state and the initial energy density we can solve equation set (11) using the relativistic HLLE scheme and Sod's operation splitting method [9,13,[21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Mutually disjoint, maximally commuting set of physical observables for optimum state determination

“…However, the existence of a complete set of MUBs for general finitedimension Hilbert spaces remains an open question. [8][9][10][11] When the n + 1 sets of MUBs are known to exist, their construction and physical realization has been achieved for very specific applications such as quantum state tomography, [12][13][14] Mean's King problem; [15][16][17] quantum cryptography, 18,19 quantum error correction, 20 entanglement detection, 21 and quantum coding and discrete Wigner function. 22,23 Several experimental techniques to implement the complete set of MUBs in photonic systems have been investigated.…”

Predictions for squeezed back-to-back correlations of $$\phi \phi $$ ϕ ϕ and $$K^+K^-$$ K + K - in high-energy heavy-ion collisions by event-by-event hydrodynamics

“…As in Ref. [15], we solve the hydrodynamic equations numerically by the HLLE scheme and the Sod operation splitting method [17,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In the calculations, we use the equation of state s95p-PCE [14], which combines the hadron resonance gas at low temperatures and the lattice QCD results at high temperatures, and take the parameters σ 0 = 0.6 fm, τ 0 = 0.6 and 0.4 fm/c for the heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC, respectively.…”