Hanbury Brown Twiss Effect for Ultracold Quantum Gases

Schellekens, Martijn; Hoppeler, R.; Perrin, Aurélien; Gomes, J. Viana; Boiron, Denis; Aspect, Alain; Westbrook, Christoph I

doi:10.1126/science.1118024

Cited by 310 publications

(428 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 3 shows the significant bunching signal observed in the temporal second-order correlation function of a guided thermal cloud of atoms. The measured bunching amplitude of g (2) (0) = 1.21 is the largest bunching signal ever observed with atoms, more than three times larger than the previous highest signal 7 . The large bunching amplitude is due to the low effective transverse temperature (~nK) and large correlation lengths occurring within the guide, which prevents the signal from washing out because of imperfect detector resolution.…”

Section: Hanbury Brown-twiss Guiding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Observation of atomic speckle and Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations in guided matter waves

et al. 2011

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speckle patterns produced by multiple independent light sources are a manifestation of the coherence of the light field. second-order correlations exhibited in phenomena such as photon bunching, termed the Hanbury Brown-Twiss effect, are a measure of quantum coherence. Here we observe for the first time atomic speckle produced by atoms transmitted through an optical waveguide, and link this to second-order correlations of the atomic arrival times. We show that multimode matter-wave guiding, which is directly analogous to multimode light guiding in optical fibres, produces a speckled transverse intensity pattern and atom bunching, whereas single-mode guiding of atoms that are output-coupled from a Bose-Einstein condensate yields a smooth intensity profile and a second-order correlation value of unity. Both first-and secondorder coherence are important for applications requiring a fully coherent atomic source, such as squeezed-atom interferometry.

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Section: Hanbury Brown-twiss Guiding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Observation of atomic speckle and Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations in guided matter waves

et al. 2011

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“…1). The photon counters after the beam-splitter are replaced by a time-resolved, multi-pixel atom-counting detector 20 , which enables the measurement of intensity correlations between the atom beams in well defined spatial and spectral regions. The temporal overlap between the atoms can be continuously tuned by changing the moment when the atomic beam-splitter is applied.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment

Lopes

Imanaliev

Aspect

et al. 2015

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Quantum mechanics is a very successful and still intriguing theory, introducing two major counter-intuitive concepts. Wave-particle duality means that objects normally described as particles, such as electrons, can also behave as waves, while entities primarily described as waves, such as light, can also behave as particles.This revolutionary idea nevertheless relies on notions borrowed from classical physics, either waves or particles evolving in our ordinary space-time. By contrast, entanglement leads to interferences between the amplitudes of multi-particle states, which happen in an abstract mathematical space and have no classical counterpart. This fundamental feature has been strikingly demonstrated by the violation of Bell's inequalities [1][2][3][4] . There is, however, a conceptually simpler situation in which the interference between two-particle amplitudes entails a behaviour impossible to describe by any classical model. It was realised in the Hong, Ou and Mandel (HOM) experiment 5 , in which two photons arriving simultaneously in the input channels of a beam-splitter always emerge together in one of the output channels. In this letter, we report on the realisation, with atoms, of a HOM experiment closely following the original protocol. This opens the prospect of testing Bell's inequalities involving mechanical observables of massive particles, such as momentum, using methods inspired by quantum optics 6,7 , with an eye on theories of the quantum-to-classical transition [8][9][10][11] . Our work also demonstrates a new way to produce and benchmark twin-atom pairs 12,13 that may be of interest for quantum information processing 14 and quantum simulation 15 . 1 arXiv:1501.03065v2 [quant-ph] 15 Jan 2015A pair of entangled particles is described by a state vector that cannot be factored as a product of two state vectors associated with each particle. Although entanglement does not require that the two particles be identical 2 , it arises naturally in systems of indistinguishable particles due to the symmetrisation of the state. A remarkable illustration is the HOM experiment, in which two photons enter in the two input channels of a beam-splitter and one measures the correlation between the signals produced by photon counters placed at the two output channels. A joint detection at these detectors arises from two possible processes: either both photons are transmitted by the beam-splitter or both are reflected (Fig. 1c). If the two photons are indistinguishable, both processes lead to the same final quantum state and the probability of joint detection results from the addition of their amplitudes. Because of elementary properties of the beam-splitter, these amplitudes have same modulus but opposite signs, thus their sum vanishes and so also the probability of joint detection (Refs. [16,17] and Methods). In fact, to be fully indistinguishable, not only must the photons have the same energy and polarisation, but their final spatio-temporal modes must be identical. In the HOM experiment, it means that the ...

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“…[5] for a review). Single atom detectors have been used recently to perform Hanburry-Brown-Twiss experiments with cold atoms 6,7 . Finally, analysis of noise correlations in time of flight experiments of ultra cold atoms has been proposed 8 and tested 9,10 , promising a powerful new technique to access many-body correlations in such systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full quantum distribution of contrast in interference experiments between interacting one-dimensional Bose liquids

et al. 2006

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We analyze interference experiments for a pair of independent one dimensional condensates of interacting bosonic atoms at zero temperature. We show that the distribution function of fringe amplitudes contains non-trivial information about non-local correlations within individual condensates and can be calculated explicitly using methods of conformal field theory. We point out interesting relations between these distribution functions, the partition function for a quantum impurity in a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid, and transfer matrices of conformal field theories. We demonstrate the connection between interference experiments in cold atoms and a variety of statistical models ranging from stochastic growth models to two dimensional quantum gravity. Such connection can be used to design a quantum simulator of unusual two-dimensional models described by nonunitary conformal field theories with negative central charges.

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Hanbury Brown Twiss Effect for Ultracold Quantum Gases

Cited by 310 publications

References 23 publications

Observation of atomic speckle and Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations in guided matter waves

Observation of atomic speckle and Hanbury Brown–Twiss correlations in guided matter waves

Atomic Hong–Ou–Mandel experiment

Full quantum distribution of contrast in interference experiments between interacting one-dimensional Bose liquids

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