Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 52 cases

Gronwald, Thomas; Klein, Christian; Hoenig, Tim; Pietzonka, Micha; Bloch, Hendrik; Édouard, Pascal; Hollander, Karsten

doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104769

Cited by 41 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…While this method has its limitations, it is an accepted practice for in situ competition analysis. [16][17][18][19] The AT ruptures can be deleterious to professional basketball athletes. Extreme ankle dorsiflexion was identified with outward turning of the foot following a "false step" as the predominant mechanism of AT injury in NBA players.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 The mechanism of injury has also been studied using 2D video analysis, 14 which can be a valuable tool for in situ evaluation during athletic competitions. For example, previous literature has used this method in soccer, [16][17][18] basketball, 19 and alpine ski racing 20,21 for epidemiological purposes. Lemme et al 14 examined contributing factors involved with AT ruptures in the NBA and noted that a large angle of ankle dorsiflexion occurred at the time of AT rupture (see Figure 1).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players

Petway

Jordan

Epsley

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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A systematic search was performed of online databases for any Achilles tendon (AT) injuries occurring within the National Basketball Association (NBA). Video was obtained of injuries occurring during competition and downloaded for analysis in Dartfish. NBA athletes (n = 27) were identified with AT rupture over a 30-year period (1991–2021). Of the 27 NBA athletes found to have AT ruptures (mean age: 29.3 [3.3] y; average time in the NBA: 8.5 [3.8] y), 15 in-game videos were obtained for analysis. Noncontact rupture was presumed to have occurred in 12/13 cases. Eight of the 13 athletes had possession of the ball during time of injury. The ankle joint of the injured limb for all 13 athletes was in a dorsiflexed position during the time of injury (47.9° [6.5°]). All 13 athletes performed a false-step mechanism at time of injury where they initiated the movement by taking a rearward step posterior to their center of mass with the injured limb before translating forward. NBA basketball players that suffered AT ruptures appeared to present with a distinct sequence of events, including initiating a false step with ankle dorsiflexion of the injured limb at the time of injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players

Petway

Jordan

Epsley

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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“…The future perspectives will focus on injury prevention as well as rehabilitation of different injury type. More clinical tools such as video analysis during game play are under investigation [ 54 ]. Rising evidence and knowledge is coming from imaging diagnostics, in order to more precisely predict return-to-play time.…”

Section: Typical Pitfalls and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of anterior thigh injuries in soccer players: practical guide

Lempainen

Mechó

Valle

et al. 2022

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Most of the anterior thigh injuries are contusions or strains, however, some of these injuries can be career ending. Early diagnosis and correct treatment are key to successful outcome. Analyzing injury mechanism and adding both clinical and imaging findings, clinicians can make the right treatment decisions already often in the acute phase of the injury. Low grade contusions and muscle strains are treated well with planned rehabilitation, but complete tendon injuries or avulsions can require operative treatment. Also, neglected minor injuries could lead to chronic disabilities and time lost from play. Typical clinical presentation of anterior thigh injury is swelling and pain during hip flexion or knee extension. In more severe cases a clear gap can be palpated. Imaging methods used are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which are helpful for clinicians to determine more exact the extent of injury. MRI can identify possible tendon retractions which may need surgery. Clinicians should also be aware of other traumatic lesions affecting anterior thigh area such as myositis ossificans formation. Optimal treatment should be coordinated including acute phase treatment with rest, ice, and compression together with designed return-to-play protocol. The anatomical structure involved lines the treatment pathway. This narrative review describes these more common reasons for outpatient clinical visits for anterior thigh pain and injuries among soccer players.

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“…For example, it would be useful to analyse the running phase and the running speed at which injuries occur. In runners, it has been reported that hamstring injuries occur while the athletes are running near their maximal speed [82], but such information has been reported by only four studies here [50,[58][59][60], reporting high-intensity running without specifying the running speed. Furthermore, there is debate on whether running injuries occur during the early stance or the swing phase of running [80,83].…”

Section: Injury-inciting Activities For Specific Injury Locationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury-Inciting Activities in Male and Female Football Players: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background A comprehensive examination of the sport-specific activities performed around the time of injury is important to hypothesise injury mechanisms, develop prevention strategies, improve management, and inform future investigations. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the current literature describing the activities performed around the time of injury in football (soccer). Methods A systematic search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and OpenGrey. Studies were included if participants were football players aged > 13 years old and the activities performed at the time of injury were reported together with the total number of injuries. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of checklists developed for prevalence studies. The activities reported by the studies were grouped to account for inconsistent reporting, and the proportion of each injury activity was calculated. Data were not meta-analysed due to high heterogeneity of methods and classification criteria. Results We included 64 studies reporting on 56,740 injuries in total. ACL injures were analysed by 12 studies, ankle/foot and knee injuries were analysed by five studies, thigh injuries were analysed by four studies, hip/groin injuries were analysed by three studies, and hamstring injuries were analysed by two studies. Five studies analysed more than one type of injury and 38 studies did not specify the type of injuries analysed. Running and kicking were the predominant activities leading to thigh and hamstring injuries. Changing direction and kicking were the predominant activities leading to hip and groin injuries and duels were the predominant activities leading to ankle injuries. Duels and pressing seem the predominant activities leading to ACL injuries, while results for other knee and general injuries were inconsistent. Conclusions A qualitative summary of the activities performed at the time of injury has been reported. The results need to be interpreted carefully due to the risk of bias observed in the included studies. If we are to meaningfully progress our knowledge in this area, it is paramount that future research uses consistent methods to record and classify injuries and activities leading up to and performed at the time of injury. Registration The protocol of this systematic review was registered at the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/U96KV).

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Hamstring injury patterns in professional male football (soccer): a systematic video analysis of 52 cases

Cited by 41 publications

References 38 publications

Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players

Mechanisms of Achilles Tendon Rupture in National Basketball Association Players

Management of anterior thigh injuries in soccer players: practical guide

Injury-Inciting Activities in Male and Female Football Players: A Systematic Review

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