Halomonas zincidurans sp. nov., a heavy-metal-tolerant bacterium isolated from the deep-sea environment

Abstract

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-like, motile by peritrichous flagella and moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain B6 T , was isolated a deep-sea sediment collected from the South Atlantic Ocean. The isolate grew with 0.5-15 % (w/v) NaCl, at 4-37 6C and pH 5.0-8.5 and showed a high tolerance to zinc, manganese, cobalt and copper ions. The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 , C 19 : 0 cyclo v8c, C 12 : 0 3-OH and C 12 : 0 . The predominant ubiquinone was Q-9. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene comparisons indicated that strain B6T belonged to the genus Halomonas, and the closest relative was Halomonas xinjiangensis TRM 0175 T (96.1 %). Based upon the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic data, strain B6 T represents a novel species from the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas zincidurans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B6 T (5CGMCC T 5JCM 18472 T ).The genus Halomonas proposed by Vreeland et al. (1980) belongs to the family Halomonadaceae, which contains nine additional genera: Aidingimonas, Carnimonas, Chromohalobacter, Cobetia, Halotalea, Kushneria, Modicisalibacter, Salinicola and Zymobacter. At the time of writing, Halomonas was the largest genus within this family, comprised of 75 species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio. net/index.html.). Most of these were isolated from saline environments, such as salterns Jeon et al., 2007; González-Domenech et al., 2008a;Arenas et al., 2009;Qu et al., 2011;Amjres et al., 2011;Wang et al., 2012), saline soils (Wang et al., 2007a(Wang et al., , b, 2008b González-Domenech et al., 2008bLi et al., 2008;Llamas et al., 2011;Zhao et al., 2012;Luque et al., 2012;Poli et al., 2013), a saline well (Xu et al., 2007), a salt pool (Romano et al., 2006), saline lakes (Poli et al., 2007;Romano et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2008a; Guan et al., 2010; Guzmán et al., 2010;Menes et al., 2011), a fermented seafood (Kim et al., 2010b); marine animals (Chen et al., 2009); or a renal dialysis machine (Kim et al., 2010a). Here, we present a polyphasic study describing a novel strain of a member of the genus Halomonas isolated from a sediment sample collected from the deep-sea environment.The deep-sea sediment samples were collected from the South Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge (13.60 u S 14.52 u W) at a depth of 2950 m by a TV grab bucket operated from the vessel Da Yang Yi Hao. Aboard the ship, an approximately 100 mg sediment subsample was incubated for 1 h in marine broth 2216 medium (MB; BD). The suspension was plated on marine agar 2216 (MA; BD) containing 20 mM Mn 2+ using the tenfold dilution-plating technique. After 30 days of aerobic incubation at 28 u C, one creamcoloured colony, designed B6 T , was picked. The isolate was maintained as a glycerol suspension (30 %, v/v) at 240 u C until debarkation. Subsequently strain B6T was purified by repeated restreaking; purity was confirmed by the uniformity of cell morphology.The optimal conditions for growth were determined in HM medium with differ...

A Halophilic Bacterium Inhabiting the Warm, CaCl 2 -Rich Brine of the Perennially Ice-Covered Lake Vanda, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

“…In terms of salinity, Halomonas species are all halophilic and quite halotolerant (37)(38)(39). In contrast, although they were halophilic, the VAN strains were not nearly as halotolerant as other halomonads.…”

“…From a phylogenetic perspective, the VAN isolates were highly related to each other and grouped closely with species of the genera Halomonas and Chromohalobacter, with the closest relative being Halomonas zincidurans, isolated from sediments in the South Atlantic Ocean (37). In terms of salinity, Halomonas species are all halophilic and quite halotolerant (37)(38)(39).…”

“…In contrast, although they were halophilic, the VAN strains were not nearly as halotolerant as other halomonads. For example, while VAN strains grew best in the presence of NaCl at concentrations below 1 M and did not grow in the presence of NaCl at concentrations above 2 M, their close relatives, H. zincidurans and Halomonas (37,38); H. elongata is facultatively aerobic (39). Considering their habitat in the anoxic Lake Vanda brine, the obligately aerobic nature of the VAN strains is puzzling.…”

Investigation of mercury tolerance in Chromohalobacter israelensis DSM 6768T and Halomonas zincidurans B6T by comparative genomics with Halomonas xinjiangensis TRM 0175T

“…Halomonas zincidurans B6 T was isolated from the south Atlantic MidOcean Ridge. Halomonas xinjiangensis TRM 0175 T and Chromohalobacter israelensis DSM 6768 T are two closely related strains to strain B6 T according to the phylogenetic analysis (Xu et al, 2013). Strain DSM 6768 T was isolated from the Dead Sea (Huval et al, 1995), while strain TRM 0175 T was isolated from Lop Nur salt lake, China (Guan et al, 2010).…”

Halomonas piezotolerans sp. nov., a multiple-stress-tolerant bacterium isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample of the New Britain Trench

“…html) [3,4]. So far, eight species, including Halomonas axialensis [5], Halomonas hydrothermalis [5,6], 'Halomonas lionensis' [7], Halomonas nanhaiensis [8], Halomonas neptunia [5], 'Halomonas profundus' [9], Halomonas sulfidaeris [5] and Halomonas zincidurans [10], were isolated from deep-sea environments. Most of the species in the genus Halomonas were isolated from salt or soda lakes around the world, such as Halomonas alkaliantarctica [11], Halomonas andesensis [12], Halomonas caseinilytica [13], Halomonas qijiaojingensis [14], Halomonas flava [14], Halomonas kenyensis [15], Halomonas lutea [16], Halomonas lutescens [17], Halomonas magadiensis [18], Halomonas meridiana [19], Halomonas mongoliensis [15], Halomonas caseinilytica [20], Halomonas urumqiensis [21] and Halomonas xinjiangensis [22].…”