Halogranum gelatinilyticum sp. nov. and Halogranum amylolyticum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Halogranum

Abstract

Halogranum gelatinilyticum sp. nov. and Halogranum amylolyticum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Halogranum Two extremely halophilic archaeal strains, designated TNN44 T and TNN58 T , were isolated from Tainan marine solar saltern near Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province, China. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic and Gram-stain-negative; colonies were red-pigmented. Strains TNN44 T and TNN58 T were able to grow at 20-50 6C (optimum 37 6C for both), in the presence of 1.4-5.1 M NaCl (optimum 3.4-3.9 M NaCl) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum pH 6.5-7.0); neither strain required Mg 2+ for growth. Cells lysed in distilled water. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains TNN44 T and TNN58 T were related closely to Halogranum rubrum RO2-11 T (96.2 and 97.2 % similarity, respectively). The polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (trace), and one major glycolipid and one minor glycolipid chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether and mannosyl glucosyl diether, respectively; other trace unidentified lipids were also detected. The DNA G+C content of strains TNN44 T and TNN58 T was 64.0 and 62.0 mol%, respectively. The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strains TNN44 T and TNN58 T was 37.2 %, and these two strains showed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness with Halogranum rubrum RO2-11 T (40.6 and 44.4 %, respectively). Two novel species of the genus Halogranum are proposed to accommodate these two strains, Halogranum gelatinilyticum sp. nov. (type strain TNN44 T 5CGMCC 1.10119 T 5JCM 16426 T ) and Halogranum amylolyticum sp. nov. (type strain TNN58 T 5CGMCC 1.10121 T 5JCM 16428 T ).Marine solar salterns, man-made shallow ponds for the production of halite from seawater, serve as comfortable habitats for diverse halophilic micro-organisms. Among these halophilic micro-organisms, halophilic archaea are probably the dominant microbes at saltern crystallizer ponds (Oren, 2002). To understand better the biogeographical distribution and diversity of halophilic archaeal communities within different marine solar salterns along the coastline of eastern China (Cui et al., 2010), brine and sediment samples were collected from Tainan marine solar saltern (34 u 359 380 N 119 u 289 560 E) near Lianyungang city, Jiangsu province, and their halophilic archaeal diversity was examined based on analysis of a library of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes and by cultivation. Of 65 isolates examined, one strain showed 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Salinibacter ruber (Antó n et al., 2002); the other 64 strains belonged to the family Halobacteriaceae. Two of these halophilic archaeal strains, designated TNN44 T and TNN58 T , were closely related to Halogranum rubrum, the single member of the genus Halogranum. Based on the data presented in this study, we suggest that strains TNN44 T and TNN58 T represent two novel species of the genus Ha...

Phylogenetic Diversities and Community Structure of Members of the Extremely Halophilic Archaea (Order Halobacteriales) in Multiple Saline Sediment Habitats

“…2B to F) was much higher than the percentage of unique sequences belonging in the entire data set (see Fig. S1B to F in the supplemental material): for example, in Zodletone Spring sediment, 19.7% of all novel sequences were unique to Zodletone Spring, while only 4.4% of the total number of sequences in the data were unique to the spring (Fig. 2F).…”

“…Although cells of all described Halogranum spp. immediately lyse in distilled water (15,19), the prevalence and distribution of Halogranum described here suggest possession of a yet-unknown mechanism for resisting lower salt and salinity fluctuations.…”

“…Collectively, these studies suggest that members of the genus Halogranum are among the most successful genera in withstanding events of transient low salinities and adjusting to salinity fluctuations. Physiological characterization of Halogranum rubrum, H. gelatinilyticum, and H. amlylolyticum (15,19), as well as strains isolated from Zodletone Spring (Savage et al, unpublished data), indicated that although optimal growth occurs at relatively high salinities (3.4 to 3.9 M NaCl), growth could also be observed at relatively lower salinities (e.g., 1.4 and 1.7 M NaCl for Halogranum amylolyticum and Halogranum gelatinilyticum, respectively). Although cells of all described Halogranum spp.…”

Halobium palmae gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a solar saltern

“…T and related genera in the family Halorubraceae Taxa: 1, strain 2a_47_2 T (data from this study); 2, Halorubrum (Oren, 2014;Corral et al, 2016); 3, Halopenitus (Amoozegar et al, , 2013Han & Cui, 2014); 4, Halobaculum (Oren et al, 1995;Shimosige et al, 2013); 5, Halohasta (Mou et al, 2012); 6, Halolamina (Koh et al, 2015); 7, Halonotius (Burns et al 2010); 8, Salinigranum (Cui & Zhang, 2014); 9, Halogranum (Cui et al, 2010(Cui et al, , 2011Kim et al, 2011). +, Positive; À, negative; ND, not determined.…”

Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremely Halophilic Archaeon Halogranum salarium B-1 T

“…Later, the description of the genus was emended by Cui et al (2) with the description of two more species, Halogranum gelatinilyticum and Halogranum amylolyticum. Until recently, all strains belonging to the genus Halogranum were isolated from marine solar salterns in China, reflecting their extremely halophilic nature.…”