Halogens and trace metal emissions from the ongoing 2008 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai`i

Mather, Tamsin A.; Witt, Melanie; Pyle, David M.; Quayle, B.M.; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Bagnato, E.; Martin, R.S.; Sims, Kenneth W.W.; Edmonds, Marie; Sutton, A. J.; Ilyinskaya, Evgenia

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.029

Cited by 143 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 114 publications

(235 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We used a portable mercury analyzer (Lumex-RA915+) in parallel with a Multicomponent Gas Analyzer (MultiGAS; Aiuppa et al, 2005Aiuppa et al, , 2011Shinohara and Witter, 2005;Shinohara, 2008) to obtain real-time measurements of mercury and major volatiles in the fumes of Nea Kameni. These measurements, the first carried out at such location, extend previous combined MultiGAS-Lumex surveys reported elsewhere Witt et al, 2008a, b;Mather et al, 2012), and aim at improving our understanding of the magmatic systems and its degassing budget.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There have been limited studies to date targeting mercury emissions from volcanic fumarolic systems, and no mercury flux data exist for soil or fumarolic emissions at Santorini volcanic complex, Greece. We present results from the first geochemical survey of Hg and major volatile (CO 2 , H 2 S, H 2 O and H 2 ) concentrations and fluxes in the fumarolic gases released by the volcanic/hydrothermal system of Nea Kameni islet; the active volcanic center of Santorini. These data were obtained using a portable mercury spectrometer (Lumex 915+) for gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) determination, and a Multi-component Gas Analyzer System (Multi-GAS) for major volatiles. Gaseous Elemental Mercury (GEM) concentrations in the fumarole atmospheric plumes were systematically above background levels (~4 ng GEM m -3 ), ranging from ~4.5 to 121 ng GEM m -3 . Variability in the measured mercury concentrations may result from changes in atmospheric conditions and/or unsteady gas release from the fumaroles. We estimate an average GEM/CO 2 mass ratio in the fumarolic gases of Nea Kameni of approximately 10 -9 , which falls in the range of values obtained at other low-T (100°C) volcanic/hydrothermal systems (~10 -8 ); our measured GEM/H 2 S mass ratio (10 -5 ) also lies within the accepted representative range (10 -4 to 10 -6 ) of non-explosive volcanic degassing. Our estimated mercury flux from Nea Kameni's fumarolic field (2.56 × 10 -7 t yr -1 ), while making up a marginal contribution to the global volcanic non-eruptive GEM emissions from closed-conduit degassing volcanoes, represents the first available assessment of mercury emissions at Santorini volcano, and will contribute to the evaluation of future episodes of unrest at this renowned volcanic complex.

show abstract

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is known that sub-grid scale nucleation occurs in both volcanic and industrial plumes (Allen et al, 2002;Brock et al, 2002), hence in the model we include 2.5 % of the emitted SO 2 as sub-grid sulphate adding to particle number and mass in the accumulation and coarse modes (also used by Stier et al, 2005). Measurements of near-source sulphate particles at several continuously degassing volcanoes indicate a fraction of 1 % to 5 % of the total emitted SO 2 (e.g., Allen et al, 2002;Mather et al, 2003aMather et al, , b, 2004Mather et al, , 2006Mather et al, , 2012Martin et al, 2008). Luo and Yu (2011) have shown that global CCN number concentrations are sensitive to both the sub-grid sulphate mass fraction and the assumptions made about its size distribution, amongst many other aerosol processes.…”

Section: Volcanic Emission Inventory and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of tropospheric volcanic aerosol for indirect radiative forcing of climate

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract.Observations and models have shown that continuously degassing volcanoes have a potentially large effect on the natural background aerosol loading and the radiative state of the atmosphere. We use a global aerosol microphysics model to quantify the impact of these volcanic emissions on the cloud albedo radiative forcing under pre-industrial (PI) and present-day (PD) conditions. We find that volcanic degassing increases global annual mean cloud droplet number concentrations by 40 % under PI conditions, but by only 10 % under PD conditions. Consequently, volcanic degassing causes a global annual mean cloud albedo effect of −1.06 W m −2 in the PI era but only −0.56 W m −2 in the PD era. This non-equal effect is explained partly by the lower background aerosol concentrations in the PI era, but also because more aerosol particles are produced per unit of volcanic sulphur emission in the PI atmosphere. The higher sensitivity of the PI atmosphere to volcanic emissions has an important consequence for the anthropogenic cloud radiative forcing because the large uncertainty in volcanic emissions translates into an uncertainty in the PI baseline cloud radiative state. Assuming a −50/+100 % uncertainty range in the volcanic sulphur flux, we estimate the annual mean anthropogenic cloud albedo forcing to lie between −1.16 W m −2 and −0.86 W m −2 . Therefore, the volcanically induced uncertainty in the PI baseline cloud radiative state substantially adds to the already large uncertainty in the magnitude of the indirect radiative forcing of climate.

show abstract

“…Gaseous mercury concentrations in volcanic plume have been measured mostly by using the conventional gold-trap technique (Ferrara et al 2000;Aiuppa et al 2007;Bagnato et al 2007Bagnato et al , 2009aWitt et al 2008a;Mather et al 2012) and, more recently, by a portable mercury analyser LUMEX-RA 915+…”

Section: Hg Detection In Volcanic Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Volcanic emissions are the major natural source of several trace metals (e.g. As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Tl, Sb and Sn) to the atmosphere by contributing 20 -40% of volatile elements such as Bi, Pb, As or Sb and up to 40 -50% of Cd annually (Hinkley et al 1999;Martínez 2008;Mather et al 2012;Henley & Berger 2013). However, current research on trace element emissions from active volcanism shows that the magnitude of some element fluxes is still highly uncertain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury fluxes from volcanic and geothermal sources: an update

Bagnato

Tamburello

Avard

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review the state of knowledge on global volcanogenic Hg emissions to the atmosphere and present new data from seven active volcanoes (Poás, Rincón de la Vieja, Turrialba, Aso, Mutnovsky, Gorely and Etna) and two geothermal fields (Las Pailas and Las Hornillas). The variability of Hg contents (c. 4–125 ng m−3) measured in gaseous emissions reflects the dynamic nature of volcanic plumes, where the abundances of volatiles are determined by the physical nature of degassing and variable air dilution. Based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that an average Hg/SO2 plume mass ratio of c. 7.8×10−6 (±1.5×10−6; 1 SE, n=13) is best representative of open-conduit quiescent degassing. Taking into account the uncertainty in global SO2 emissions, we infer a global volcanic Hg flux from persistent degassing of c. 76±30 t a−1. Our data are derived from active volcanoes during non-eruptive periods and we do not have any direct constraint on the Hg flux during periods of elevated SO2 flux associated with large-scale effusive or explosive eruptions. This suggests that the time-averaged Hg flux from these volcanoes is even larger if the eruptive contribution is considered. Conversely, closed-conduit degassing and geothermal emissions contribute modest amounts of Hg

show abstract

Halogens and trace metal emissions from the ongoing 2008 summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai`i

Cited by 143 publications

References 114 publications

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

Mercury emissions from soils and fumaroles of Nea Kameni volcanic centre, Santorini (Greece)

Importance of tropospheric volcanic aerosol for indirect radiative forcing of climate

Mercury fluxes from volcanic and geothermal sources: an update

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About