Halogene

Neave, S. L.; Longinescu, G. G.; Badescu, Margareta N.; Pirtea, Th. I.

doi:10.1007/bf01359395

Fresenius, Zeitschrift f. anal. Chemie

1931

DOI: 10.1007/bf01359395

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Halogene

S. L. Neave¹,

G. G. Longinescu²,

Margareta N. Badescu³

et al.

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1991

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“…From a viewpoint of biogeographical aspects, Neave (17) has hypothesized that many ofthe Pacific salmon diverged from an ancestor of the cherry salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) in the Japan Sea during the glacial period of the late Pleistocene era (about one million years ago). Moreover, there are numerous species of charr and trout, and these show remarkable variation in sexual dimorphism, breeding shape, color, and life history.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shaping and reshaping of salmonid genomes by amplification of tRNA-derived retroposons during evolution.

Kido

Aono

Yamaki

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Three families of tRNA-derived repeated retroposons in the genomes of salmonid species have been isolated and characterized. These three families differ in sequence, but all are derived from a tRNALYS or from a tRNA species structurally related to tRNALyS. The salmon Sma I family is present in the genomes of two species of the genus Oncorhynchus but not in other species, including five other species of the same genus. The charr Fok I family is present only in four species and subspecies of the genus Salvelinus. The third family, the salmonid Hpa I family, appears to be present in all salmonid species but is not present in species that are not members of the Salmonidae. Thus, the genome of protoSalmonidae was originally shaped by amplification and dispersion of the salmonid Hpa I family and then reshaped by amplification of the Sma I and Fok I families in the more recently evolved species of salmon and charr, respectively. We speculate that amplification and dispersion of retroposons may have played a role in salmonid speciation.Gene duplication is believed to be of major importance in creating genetic diversity (1). The genes for immunoglobulins, histocompatibility complexes, and globins are examples of this gene duplication. This mechanism operates at the DNA level and probably has as old a history as DNA genomes themselves. Another mechanism for maintaining the fluidity of eukaryotic genomes is that recently characterized retroposition, in which information in nonviral cellular RNA can flow back into the genome via cDNA intermediates (2,3). Retroposition creates additional sequence combinations through dispersal of genetic information and can shape and reshape eukaryotic genomes in many different ways (3,4). The precise mechanism of retroposition is at present speculative. Recently, Weiner and Meizels (5) presented an interesting hypothesis concerning the mechanism of generation of duplex DNA at the beginning of the DNA world, proposing that duplex DNA genomes may have been derived from earlier DNA genomes that replicated like retroviruses through an RNA intermediate. This suggests that the mechanism of retroposition might be closely linked to that of replication of retroviruses (6).The highly repetitive sequences that are interspersed throughout eukaryotic genomes have been classified into two categories based on size: long interspersed repetitive elements (LINEs), which include Li sequences, and short interspersed repetitive elements (SINEs), such as the primate Alu and rodent type 1 or 2 Alu families (7). Previously, highly repetitive and transcribable sequences have been found in the genome of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) (8,9). Like all SINE families examined so far (10-14) other than Alu (15, 16), this Sma I family [formerly the salmon polymerase (Pol) III/SINE family] has been shown to be derived from a tRNA; moreover the Sma I family has several of the characteristic features of retroposons and appears to be the youngest SINE family characterized to date.The genus Oncorhynchus has many s...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Shaping and reshaping of salmonid genomes by amplification of tRNA-derived retroposons during evolution.

Kido

Aono

Yamaki

et al. 1991

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

111

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Halogene

Cited by 1 publication

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Shaping and reshaping of salmonid genomes by amplification of tRNA-derived retroposons during evolution.

Shaping and reshaping of salmonid genomes by amplification of tRNA-derived retroposons during evolution.

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