Halogen oxides: Radicals, sources and reservoirs in the laboratory and in the atmosphere

Wayne, Richard P.; Poulet, G.; Biggs, Peter J.; Burrows, J. P.; Cox, R. A.; Crutzen, Paul J.; Hayman, Garry; Jenkin, Michael E.; Bras, G. Le; Moortgat, G. K.; Platt, U.; Schindler, R. N.

doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)98124-q

Cited by 132 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 895 publications

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“…For a long time now, q Cl and q Br have been known as catalysts for O 3 destruction in the stratosphere (Crutzen and Oppenheimer, 2008). Investigations both in the laboratory and in nature have shown that q Br is a much more effective catalyst of ozone depletion within the troposphere than q Cl (Le Bras and Platt, 1995;Liao et al, 2014;Wayne et al, 1995).…”

Section: Tropospheric Ozone Depletion By Isamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Power stations, ships and air traffic are among the most potent greenhouse gas emitters and are primarily responsible for global warming. Iron salt aerosols (ISAs), composed partly of iron and chloride, exert a cooling effect on climate in several ways. This article aims firstly to examine all direct and indirect natural climate cooling mechanisms driven by ISA tropospheric aerosol particles, showing their cooperation and interaction within the different environmental compartments. Secondly, it looks at a proposal to enhance the cooling effects of ISA in order to reach the optimistic target of the Paris climate agreement to limit the global temperature increase between 1.5 and 2 • C.Mineral dust played an important role during the glacial periods; by using mineral dust as a natural analogue tool and by mimicking the same method used in nature, the proposed ISA method might be able to reduce and stop climate warming. The first estimations made in this article show that by doubling the current natural iron emissions by ISA into the troposphere, i.e., by about 0.3 Tg Fe yr −1 , artificial ISA would enable the prevention or even reversal of global warming. The ISA method proposed integrates technical and economically feasible tools.

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Section: Tropospheric Ozone Depletion By Isamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

et al. 2017

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“…Under these conditions, a minimum residence time of the analyte within the valve on the order of a few milliseconds is achieved. As a result, wall loss reactions of reactive species are strongly suppressed, as has been reported in experiments with HOCl [14,15]. In these experiments, the parent ion signal of HO 35 Cl as well as the major product of its heterogeneous decomposition processes, 35 Cl 2 , were monitored using electron impact ionization at 52 and 70 Da, respectively.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Inlet Valvementioning

confidence: 87%

“…As an example of the impact this type of contamination will have on our instrument, we will look at the effect that the presence of particles may have on the detection of NO 2 . Assum-ing the particles within the sampled air are all carbon aerosol, the range of relatively large sticking coefficients is reported to extend from 1.1 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 to 2.4 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 [25]. For simplicity, we will assume an average sticking coefficient of 10 Ϫ3 .…”

Section: Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of medium pressure laser ionization, MPLI. Description of the MPLI ion source

Appel

Short

Benter

2004

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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A novel pulsed valve/ion source combination capable of time-resolved sampling from atmospheric pressure has been developed for use with laser ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The source allows ionization extremely close to the nozzle of the pulsed valve, enabling ultra-sensitive detection of a number of compounds, e.g., NO, at mixing ratios Ͻ1 pptV. Furthermore, at analyte mixing ratios in the ppbV range, the temporal resolution of the system is in the sub-second regime, allowing time-resolved monitoring of highly dynamic and complex mixtures, e.g., human breath or reacting chemical mixtures in atmospheric smog chamber experiments. Rotational temperatures of ϳ50 K have been observed for analytes seeded in the supersonic jet expansion at a distance of 1 mm downstream of the nozzle orifice. The refinement of the original ion source has drastically reduced the impact of reflected laser light and the resultant electron impact signals previously observed. The general applicability of this technique is demonstrated here by coupling the source to commercially available as well as home-built time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Finally, we discuss the MPLI technique in view of the very recently introduced atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI) as well as the traditional jet

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“…1 However, it was the observation of seasonal stratospheric ozone loss over Antarctica that generated a renaissance in interest regarding the reactivity of these compounds. 2 Specifically, the suggestion that anthropogenic sources of chlorine were responsible for the transport and subsequent production of atomic chlorine in the stratosphere provided the impetus for studies designed to understand the halogen-based chemistry that results in ozone loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Phase-Dependent Reactivity of Chlorine Dioxide Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

Reid

2001

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Progress in understanding the phase-dependent reactivity of chlorine dioxide (OClO) is outlined. Resonance Raman intensity analysis studies of gaseous and solution-phase OClO are presented which demonstrate that the optically prepared excited state undergoes significant modification in solution. In addition, timeresolved resonance Raman studies are presented which demonstrate that geminate recombination of the primary photoproducts, resulting in the re-formation of ground-state OClO, dominates the photochemical reaction dynamics in solution. The current picture of aqueous OClO photochemistry derived from these studies is discussed, and future directions of investigation are outlined.

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Halogen oxides: Radicals, sources and reservoirs in the laboratory and in the atmosphere

Cited by 132 publications

References 895 publications

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

Development of medium pressure laser ionization, MPLI. Description of the MPLI ion source

Understanding the Phase-Dependent Reactivity of Chlorine Dioxide Using Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

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