Halogen-free flame retardant PUF: Effect of melamine compounds on mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties

Thirumal, M.; Khastgir, Dipak; Nando, G. B.; Naik, Yeshwant; Singha, Nikhil K.

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.01.035

Cited by 193 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The observed increase in elastic modulus (Fig. 4) is in agreement with segments, which depolymerize into the main monomers, while the second step is due to the decomposition of soft segments 44 . The fi rst degradation step occurs at a temperature range from 300 to 370°C, while the second step takes place between 380 and 480°C.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide

Strankowski

Piszczyk

Kosmela

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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In this study, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRG)-containing polyurethane nanocomposites were obtained by the extrusion method. The content of TRG incorporated into polyurethane elastomer systems equaled 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%. The morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the modifi ed materials were investigated. The application of TRG resulted in a visible increase in material stiffness as confi rmed by the measurements of complex compression modulus (E') and glass transition temperature (T g ). The T g increased with increasing content of nanofi ller in the thermoplastic system. The addition of thermally reduced graphene oxide had a slight effect on thermal stability of the obtained materials. The incorporation of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt% of TRG into a system resulted in increased char residues compared to unmodifi ed PU elastomer. Also, this study demonstrated that after exceeding a specifi c amount of TRG, the physicomechanical properties of modifi ed materials start to deteriorate.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide

Strankowski

Piszczyk

Kosmela

et al. 2015

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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“…The PFs were prepared by a one-shot process, where all the ingredients were mixed simultaneously and allowed to cure at 708C for 2 h. 22 The procedure was described as: Firstly, a certain proportion of resol-type phenolic resin, phosphoric acid (neutralizing agent), tween 80 (surfactant), PNPUQP (toughening agent), and curing agent (p-toluenesulfonic acid : phosphoric acid : sulphuric acid : water 5 0.5 : 1 : 3 : 2.5 by weight) were added into a 500 mL plastic beaker at room temperature. The mixture was stirred immediately with high-speed mechanical mixer for 60 s. Then, n-pentane (blowing agent) was added into the mixture and stirred for 10 s. Finally, the obtained viscous mixture was poured into a foaming mould quickly, and cured at 708C for 2 h. The foam sample was cut precisely and used for characterization including the fire, mechanical, and other testings.…”

Section: Preparation Of Phenolic Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of a novel flame retardant polyurethane quasi‐prepolymer for toughening phenolic foam

Ding

Wang

Liu

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing polyurethane quasi-prepolymer (PNPUQP) was synthesized and incorporated into phenolic foam (PF) in different ratios in order to improve the toughness. The structure of PNPUQP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The effects of PNPUQP on the flame retardant properties, thermal stability and mechanical properties of modified PF were investigated. The results suggested that the addition of 3 wt % PNPUQP increased the toughness of PF and improved the flame retardancy. The investigation on the morphology of PF and modified PF by scanning electron microscope (SEM) certified the good toughness of the PNPUQP on PF. Additionally, the thermal properties of the foams were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under N 2 atmosphere.

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“…14a, c) [25,26]. Water vapor released during the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide decreases the energetic balance of the material under combustion and dilutes the volatile products of composite destruction decreasing the concentration of flammable gases [27].…”

Section: Flammability and Fire Hazardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of halogenless flame retardants on the thermal properties, flammability, and fire hazard of cross-linked EVM/NBR rubber blends

Rybiński

Janowska

Dobrzyńska

et al. 2013

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This paper presents the results of investigating the thermal stability, flammability, and fire hazard of crosslinked EVM/NBR blends unfilled and filled with halogenless flame-retardant compounds such as melamine cyanurate or magnesium hydroxide. The thermal analysis of the blends was carried out in the atmosphere of air. The activation energy of the composite destruction was determined by two non-isothermal methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa's and Kissinger's methods. The flammability of the composites obtained was determined by the method of oxygen index and on the basis of their combustion in air. The fire hazard of the vulcanizates investigated was determined with the use of a cone calorimeter and on the basis of toxicometric parameters W LC50SM . The test results have shown that the flame retardants used increase the thermal stability of the cross-linked blends and decrease their flammability, and thereby allow one to obtain selfextinguishing or non-flammable polymeric materials. The cross-linked EVM/NBR blends filled with these flameretardant compounds are characterized by good mechanical properties and reduced fire hazard.

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Halogen-free flame retardant PUF: Effect of melamine compounds on mechanical, thermal and flame retardant properties

Cited by 193 publications

References 30 publications

Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide

Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide

Preparation and properties of a novel flame retardant polyurethane quasi‐prepolymer for toughening phenolic foam

Effect of halogenless flame retardants on the thermal properties, flammability, and fire hazard of cross-linked EVM/NBR rubber blends

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