Halogen bonding between entirely negative fluorine atoms? Evidence from the crystal packing of some gold(i) and gold(iii) complexes with extensively fluorinated m-terphenyl ligands and triphenylphosphane

Abstract

Intermolecular interactions between fluorine atoms, analogous to halogen bonding, are able to drive the solid-state arrangement of molecules.

Supramolecular Interactions‐Assisted Polymorphism and Unique Mechanofluorochromism in 9,10‐Bis((E)‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)styryl)anthracene

“…It is very surprising to observe Type 1 F…F interactions at a distance of 2.930 Å in 4FDSA ‐ G crystal (Figure S12–13 & Table S2). The existence of the F…F interaction is proven by the fact that the observed F…F contact distance is shorter than the sums of the van der Waals radii of 2.94 Å for fluorine atoms [20] . Other weak C−H…π interactions also stabilize the crystalline lattice.…”

“…The existence of the F…F interaction is proven by the fact that the observed F…F contact distance is shorter than the sums of the van der Waals radii of 2.94 Å for fluorine atoms. [20] Other weak CÀ H…π interactions also stabilize the crystalline lattice. The QTAIM analysis also supports the formation of non-covalent F…F interactions [21] as shown in Figure 3.…”

Synthesis, supramolecular isomerism, and photoluminescence of scandium(iii) complexes with a tetrafluoroterephthalate ligand

“…On the other hand, there is evidence for the existence of attractive interactions between fluorine atoms. 56–58 Halogen bonding interactions are characterized by the X 1 ⋯X 2 distance and two angles θ 1 = C–X 1 ⋯X 2 and θ 2 = X 1 ⋯X 2 –C and classified into three types: 1) 0° ≤ | θ 1 − θ 2 | ≤ 15° (type I); 2) | θ 1 − θ 2 | ≥ 30° (type II); 3) 15° ≤ | θ 1 − θ 2 | ≤ 30° (quasi-type I/type II). 54,55 The crystal structures of lanthanide CPs with a tetrafluoroterephthalate linker have F⋯F contacts of type I.…”

“…On the other hand, there is evidence for the existence of attractive interactions between fluorine atoms. [56][57][58] Halogen bonding interactions are characterized by the X 1 ⋯X 2 distance and two angles θ 1 = C-X 1 ⋯X 2 and θ 2 = X 1 ⋯X 2 -C and classified into three types: 1) 0°≤ 54,55 The crystal structures of lanthanide CPs with a tetrafluoroterephthalate linker have F⋯F contacts of type I. 59 In contrast, complexes 1-5 have mainly F⋯F contacts of type II, with type I in CP 2 and quasitype I/type II in CP 4 and complex 5 (Table S3 †).…”

Bulky Polyfluorinated Terphenyldiphenylboranes: Water Tolerant Lewis Acids

“…The reaction of the lithium reagents 2,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 2 C 6 F 3 Li [36] or 2,4,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 3 C 6 H 2 Li [37] with the diarylchloroboranes (C 6 F 5 ) 2 BCl [38] and [3,5‐(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] 2 BCl, [39, 40] respectively, provided the four polyfluorinated triarylboranes 2,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 2 C 6 F 3 B(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ( 1 ), 2,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 2 C 6 F 3 B[3,5‐(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] ( 2 ), 2,4,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 3 C 6 H 2 B(C 6 F 5 ) 2 ( 3 ), 2,4,6‐(C 6 F 5 ) 3 C 6 H 2 B[3,5‐(CF 3 ) 2 C 6 H 3 ] ( 4 ) in good yields varying between 50 % and 67 % (Scheme 2).…”