Halocarbon Emissions from a Degraded Forested Wetland in Coastal South Carolina Impacted by Sea Level Rise

Jiao, Yi; Ruecker, Alexander; Deventer, M. J.; Chow, Alex T.; Rhew, R. C.

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00044

Cited by 18 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…Table 3 provides only a lower limit of the total Fe, rather than Fe(III), in the samples. Note, however, that soil Fe content similar to that reported here as a low-limit value corresponds with that associated with the finding of small amounts of VHOC emissions, while the emission rates become saturated when enrichment with Fe(III) is relatively minor (Keppler et al, 2000). Saturation at relatively low soil Fe concentrations was also reported by Huber et al (2009).…”

Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…For comparison, forest floors typically contain 1 %-5 % OM (Osman, 2013). Detection of VHOC emissions from the soil is, in some cases, associated with higher soil OM (e.g., Albers et al, 2017;Keppler et al, 2000) and, in some cases, with lower soil OM (e.g., Kotte et al, 2012;Hu-ber et al, 2009) than that reported here. Table 3 provides only a lower limit of the total Fe, rather than Fe(III), in the samples.…”

Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionssupporting

confidence: 41%

“…ally much higher than those reported by Kotte et al (2012) for various saline soils and sediments (0.12-0.32 and 6.1-120 g kg −1 , respectively) but lower for Br at BARE-MSMR and BARE-MSD and for both Cl and Br at WM-KLY. No enrichment of I in the soil samples was observed (e.g., Keppler et al, 2000;Kotte et al, 2012). The OM content of the samples was generally higher than would be expected in desert soil.…”

Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The importance of VHOC emission from soil, sediments and salt lake deposits has been recently recognized (see Kotte et al, 2012;Ruecker et al, 2014, and references therein). For example, Keppler et al (2000) revealed natural abiotic emission of CH 3 Br, CH 3 Cl and CH 3 I as well as additional chlorinated VHOCs from soil and sediments harboring an oxidant such as Fe(III), halides, or organic matter (OM), while Weissflog et al (2005) found that salt lake sediments can be a source for several C1 and C2 chlorinated species, including CHCl 3 and trichloroethylene (C 2 HCl 3 ), induced by halobacteria in the presence of dissolved Fe. Huber et al (2009) identified abiotic natural emission of trihalomethanes from soil, including CHCl 3 , bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl 2 ) and CHBr 2 Cl, induced by oxidation of OM by Fe(III) and hydrogen peroxide, while Hoekstra et al (1998) identified natural emission of CHBr 3 following enrichment of the soil by potassium bromide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, the need for improved understanding of VHOC emissions from saline environments and their potential importance on the global scale have been highlighted by recent studies (Weissflog et al, 2005;Kotte et al, 2012;Ruecker et al, 2014;Deventer et al, 2018). Moreover, due to global warming, saline environments are likely to become more prevalent (IPCC 2007;Ruecker et al, 2014;Jiao et al, 2018). The present study is aimed at improving our knowledge of the emission of VHOCs from salt lake environments by quantifying the flux and mixing ratios of methyl halides and halogenated VSLSs from different sites in the area of the Dead Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

et al. 2019

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Volatile halogenated organic compounds (VHOCs), such as methyl halides (CH 3 X; X is Br, Cl and I) and very short-lived halogenated substances (VSLSs; bromoform -CHBr 3 , dibromomethane -CH 2 Br 2 , bromodichloromethane -CHBrCl 2 , trichloroethylene -C 2 HCl 3 , chloroform -CHCl 3 -and dibromochloromethane -CHBr 2 Cl) are well known for their significant influence on ozone concentrations and oxidation capacity of the troposphere and stratosphere and for their key role in aerosol formation. Insufficient characterization of the sources and the emission rate of VHOCs limits our ability to understand and assess their impact in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Over the last two decades, several natural terrestrial sources for VHOCs, including soil and vegetation, have been identified, but our knowledge of emission rates from these sources and their responses to changes in ambient conditions remains limited. Here we report measurements of the mixing ratios and fluxes of several chlorinated and brominated VHOCs from different landscapes and natural and agricultural vegetated sites at the Dead Sea during different seasons. Fluxes were generally positive (emission into the atmosphere), corresponding to elevated mixing ratios, but were highly variable. Fluxes (and mixing ratios) for the investigated VHOCs ranged as follows: CHBr 3 from −79 to 187 nmol m −2 d −1 (1.9 to 22.6 pptv), CH 2 Br 2 from −55 to 71 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.7 to 19 pptv), CHBr 2 Cl from −408 to 768 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 11 pptv), CHBrCl 2 from −29 to 45 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.5 to 9.6 pptv), CHCl 3 from −577 to 883 nmol m −2 d −1 (15 to 57 pptv), C 2 HCl 3 from −74 to 884 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 11 pptv), methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) from -5300 to 10,800 nmol m −2 d −1 (530 to 730 pptv), methyl bromide (CH 3 Br) from −111 to 118 nmol m −2 d −1 (7.5 to 14 pptv) and methyl iodide (CH 3 I) from −25 to 17 nmol m −2 d −1 (0.4 to 2.8 pptv). Taking into account statistical uncertainties, the coastal sites (particularly those where soil is mixed with salt deposits) were identified as sources of all VHOCs, but this was not statistically significant for CHCl 3 . Further away from the coastal area, the bare soil sites were sources for CHBrCl 2 , CHBr 2 Cl, CHCl 3 , and probably also for CH 2 Br 2 and CH 3 I, and the agricultural sites were sources for CHBr 3 , CHBr 2 Cl and CHBrCl 2 . In contrast to previous reports, we also observed emissions of brominated trihalomethanes, with net molar fluxes ordered as follows: CHBr 2 Cl > CHCl 3 > CHBr 3 > CHBrCl 2 and lowest positive flux incidence for CHCl 3 among all trihalomethanes; this finding can be explained by the soil's enrichment with Br. Correlation analysis, in agreement with recent studies, indicated common controls for the emission of CHBr 2 Cl and CHBrCl 2 and likely also for CHBr 3 . There were no indications for correlation of the brominated trihalomethanes with CHCl 3 . Also in line with previous reports, we observed elevated emissions of Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences ...

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Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionssupporting

confidence: 41%

Section: Impact Of Specific Site Characteristics and Ambient Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

et al. 2019

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Radiotracer evidence that the rhizosphere is a hot-spot for chlorination of soil organic matter

et al. 2019

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Aims The ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organic matter in soils, leading to levels of chlorinated soil organic matter that often exceed the levels of chloride, remains mysterious in terms of its causes and regulation. While the composition of plant species and the availability of labile organic matter was recently shown to be important, the physical localization of chlorination in soils remains unclear but is a key for understanding regulation and patterns observed. Here we assess the relative importance of organic matter chlorination in (a) bulk soil, (b) the plant roots plus the rhizosphere zone surrounding the roots, and (c) above-ground plant biomass, in an experimental plant-soil system.Methods A radiotracer, 36 Cl, was added to study translocation and transformations of Cl − and Cl org in agricultural soil with and without wheat (Triticum vulgare) over 50 days.Results The specific chlorination rates (the fraction of the added 36 Cl − converted to 36 Cl org per day) in soil with plants was much higher (0.02 d −1 ) than without plants (0.0007 d −1 ) at peak growth (day 25). The plant root and rhizosphere showed much higher formation of 36 Cl org than the bulk soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere is a hotspot for chlorination in the soil. In addition, the treatment with plants displayed a rapid and high plant uptake of Cl − . Conclusions Our results indicate that the rhizosphere harbour the most extensive in-situ chlorination process in soil and that root-soil interaction may be key for terrestrial chlorine cycling.

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Chlorine cycling and the fate of Cl in terrestrial environments

Svensson

Kylin

Montelius

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Chlorine (Cl) in the terrestrial environment is of interest from multiple perspectives, including the use of chloride as a tracer for water flow and contaminant transport, organochlorine pollutants, Cl cycling, radioactive waste (radioecology; 36Cl is of large concern) and plant science (Cl as essential element for living plants). During the past decades, there has been a rapid development towards improved understanding of the terrestrial Cl cycle. There is a ubiquitous and extensive natural chlorination of organic matter in terrestrial ecosystems where naturally formed chlorinated organic compounds (Clorg) in soil frequently exceed the abundance of chloride. Chloride dominates import and export from terrestrial ecosystems while soil Clorg and biomass Cl can dominate the standing stock Cl. This has important implications for Cl transport, as chloride will enter the Cl pools resulting in prolonged residence times. Clearly, these pools must be considered separately in future monitoring programs addressing Cl cycling. Moreover, there are indications that (1) large amounts of Cl can accumulate in biomass, in some cases representing the main Cl pool; (2) emissions of volatile organic chlorines could be a significant export pathway of Cl and (3) that there is a production of Clorg in tissues of, e.g. plants and animals and that Cl can accumulate as, e.g. chlorinated fatty acids in organisms. Yet, data focusing on ecosystem perspectives and combined spatiotemporal variability regarding various Cl pools are still scarce, and the processes and ecological roles of the extensive biological Cl cycling are still poorly understood.

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Halocarbon Emissions from a Degraded Forested Wetland in Coastal South Carolina Impacted by Sea Level Rise

Cited by 18 publications

References 88 publications

Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

Emission of volatile halogenated organic compounds over various Dead Sea landscapes

Radiotracer evidence that the rhizosphere is a hot-spot for chlorination of soil organic matter

Chlorine cycling and the fate of Cl in terrestrial environments

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