Hallucinatory experiences.

Bentall, Richard P.

doi:10.1037/10371-003

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Nevertheless, even if there is a substantial overlap with many symptoms and diagnoses of mental disorders, EE per se must not be categorized as such. For instance, schizotypy is not necessarily connected with mental health problems, and hearing voices is not psychotic in general (Romme and Escher, 1989, 1996; Bentall, 1990, 2000). An overall survey of published studies has shown that the evidence for a relationship between mental disorders and EE is inconsistent and ambiguous (Belz and Fach, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Exceptional Experiences of Clients Seeking Advice and of Subjects in an Ordinary Population

Fach¹,

Atmanspacher²,

Landolt³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychology

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Exceptional experiences (EE) occur frequently within the populations of many countries and across various socio-cultural contexts. Although some EE show similarities with mental disorders, it would be a mistake to identify them in general as disorders. In fact, the vast number of individuals reporting EE includes subclinical and completely healthy subjects. We conducted a comparative empirical study of several characteristics of EE for two samples – one from ordinary population and the other from clients seeking advice. We found surprisingly similar phenomenological patterns of EE in both samples, but the frequency and intensity of EE for clients seeking advice significantly exceeded those for the ordinary population. Our results support the hypothesis of a continuous spectrum between mental health and mental disorder for the types of experiences analyzed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Exceptional Experiences of Clients Seeking Advice and of Subjects in an Ordinary Population

Fach¹,

Atmanspacher²,

Landolt³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychology

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“…The processes by which trauma leads to hallucinations in people with severe mental illness are not understood. However, psychological studies have suggested that hallucinations result from the misattribution of mental events to an alien or external source, and that this is most likely to occur when experiencing mental events that are automatic and low in cognitive effort (Bentall, 2000). As intrusive memories of trauma are typically mental events of this kind, they may be particularly likely to be experienced as hallucinations by individuals whose source-monitoring abilities are compromised by severe mental illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood trauma and hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder: preliminary investigation

Dias²,

et al. 2003

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“…The authors found that vivid, externalized, realistic voices that commented on, conversed with, or commanded the subject were equally frequent in both groups. On the basis of this case series, it was concluded that VH phenomenology was of no benefit for discriminating schizophrenia from trauma-spectrum conditions (see also Bentall, 2004a;Ross & Joshi, 1992).…”

Section: Comparisons Of Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Psychiatricmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: Toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing.

Longden¹,

Madill

Waterman

2012

Psychological Bulletin

193

151

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Voice hearing (VH) is often regarded as pathognomic for schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to review and integrate historical, clinical, epidemiological, and phenomenological evidence in order to suggest that VH may be more appropriately understood as a dissociative rather than a psychotic phenomenon. First, we discuss the lifetime prevalence of VH in the general population, which is estimated to range between 1% and 16% for adult nonclinical populations and 2% and 41% in healthy adolescent samples. Second, we demonstrate how the ubiquity of VH phenomenology, including variables like voice location, content, and frequency, limits its diagnostic and prognostic utility for differentiating psychotic from trauma-spectrum and nonclinical populations. Finally, we report on the empirical associations between VH, measures of dissociation, and trauma particularly (though not exclusively) childhood sexual abuse. There are 2 main conclusions from this review. First, we argue that available evidence suggests that VH experiences, including those in the context of psychotic disorders, can be most appropriately understood as dissociated or disowned components of the self (or self-other relationships) that result from trauma, loss, or other interpersonal stressors. Second, we provide a rationale for clinicians to use psychotherapeutic methods for integrating life events as precipitating and/or maintaining factors for distressing voices. Potential mechanisms for the relationship between trauma, dissociation, VH, and clinical diagnosis are described, including the relevance of literature from the field of attachment in providing a diathesis for dissociation. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

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Hallucinatory experiences.

Cited by 24 publications

References 90 publications

A Comparative Study of Exceptional Experiences of Clients Seeking Advice and of Subjects in an Ordinary Population

A Comparative Study of Exceptional Experiences of Clients Seeking Advice and of Subjects in an Ordinary Population

Childhood trauma and hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder: preliminary investigation

Dissociation, trauma, and the role of lived experience: Toward a new conceptualization of voice hearing.

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