Hall-Petch strengthening of the constrained metallic binder in WC–Co cemented carbides: Experimental assessment by means of massive nanoindentation and statistical analysis

Roa, J.J.; Jiménez‐Piqué, E.; Tarragó, J.M.; Sandoval, D.A.; Mateo, A.; Fair, J.; Llanes, L.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.09.020

Cited by 67 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The strength properties of other unidirectionally-solidified superalloy eutectic systems [19] and more complex eutectoid [58] and micro-laminated superalloy [59] material strength properties have been shown to follow a H-P dependence. Such strengthening in the Co crystal-matrix-constrained, composite WC-Co, cemented carbide system is well-known and was most recently illustrated by the application of nanoindentation hardness measurements [60].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crystal Engineering for Mechanical Strength at Nano-Scale Dimensions

Armstrong¹

2017

Crystals

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Abstract:The mechanical strengths of nano-scale individual crystal or nanopolycrystalline metals, and other dimensionally-related materials are increased by an order of magnitude or more as compared to those values measured at conventional crystal or polycrystal grain dimensions. An explanation for the result is attributed to the constraint provided at the surface of the crystals or, more importantly, at interfacial boundaries within or between crystals. The effect is most often described in terms either of two size dependencies: an inverse dependence on crystal size because of single dislocation behavior or, within a polycrystalline material, in terms of a reciprocal square root of grain size dependence, designated as a Hall-Petch relationship for the researchers first pointing to the effect for steel and who provided an enduring dislocation pile-up interpretation for the relationship. The current report provides an updated description of such strength properties for iron and steel materials, and describes applications of the relationship to a wider range of materials, including non-ferrous metals, nano-twinned, polyphase, and composite materials. At limiting small nm grain sizes, there is a generally minor strength reversal that is accompanied by an additional order-of-magnitude elevation of an increased strength dependence on deformation rate, thus giving an important emphasis to the strain rate sensitivity property of materials at nano-scale dimensions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crystal Engineering for Mechanical Strength at Nano-Scale Dimensions

Armstrong¹

2017

Crystals

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“…Such a condition is referred to as "typical" for defining the FCG threshold, as it is commonly found when the transition from the near-threshold regime to the intermediate stage is observed [33]. Inserting relatively high effective yield stress values (between 1 and 4 GPa [34][35][36][37][38]) in the above r c equation, together with those measured for ∆K I (between 4 and 15 MPa•m 1/2 ), a sub-micrometric size for the plastic region ahead of the crack tip, i.e., close to length scale of the binder mean free path of the studied cemented carbides, is attained. Third, both surface and subsurface inspection clearly highlights that, different from other extrinsically-toughened brittle materials, the strength lessening under cyclic loads of cemented carbides must be rationalized via the suppression of toughening mechanisms (developed under monotonic loading) rather than the degradation of them.…”

Section: Crack-microstructure Interaction Under Monotonic and Cyclic mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Depth Understanding of Fatigue Micromechanisms in Cemented Carbides: Implications for Optimal Microstructural Tailoring

Llanes

2019

Metals

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The fatigue mechanics and mechanisms of cemented carbides (composites usually referred to as hardmetals) are reviewed. The influence of microstructure on strength lessening and subcritical crack growth for these ceramic-metal materials when subjected to cyclic loads are highlighted. The simultaneous role of the ductile metallic binder as a toughening and fatigue-susceptible agent for hardmetals results in a tradeoff between properties measured under monotonic and cyclic loading: fracture strength and toughness on one hand, as compared to fatigue strength and crack growth resistance on the other one. Toughness/fatigue–microstructure correlations are analyzed and rationalized on the basis of specific crack–microstructure interactions, documented by the effective implementation of advanced characterization techniques. As a result, it is concluded that the fatigue sensitivity of cemented carbides may be reduced if either toughening mechanisms beyond ductile ligament bridging, such as crack deflection, are operative, or strain localization within the binder is suppressed. In this regard, grades exhibiting metallic binders of a complex chemical nature and/or distinct microstructural assemblages are proposed as options for effective microstructural tailoring of these materials.

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“…Liu et al [86] reported that the nano-grained hardmetal has a low indentation modulus, which could be attributed to the large interface area and high fraction ratio of the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) cobalt phase caused by the rapid heating and cooling process during SPS. Roa et al [87] attempted to combine the massive nanoindentation, statistical analyses, and implementation of a thin film model for deconvolution of the intrinsic hardness and flow stress of the metallic phase. In addition, the yield stress values as a function of the cobalt mean free path resulting in a Hall-Petch strengthening relationship with a slope of 0.98 MPa m 1/2 were plotted.…”

Section: Performance Characterization and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of manufacturing technology on WC–Co hardmetals

Nie

Zhang

2019

Tungsten

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Hardmetals are tungsten carbide (WC)-based composites, which are made of WC as a hard phase and transition metals such as Co, Fe, or/and Ni as ductile binder matrices. Their properties can be mainly tailored through the grain sizes of the sintered carbides and the amount of metallic binder. As successful tool materials, hardmetals are widely applied in metal cutting, wear applications, chipless forming, stoneworking, wood, and plastic working. In 2017, about two-thirds of tungsten consumption (including recycled materials) were produced for hardmetals in the world. This paper briefly introduces the development of manufacturing technology on WC-Co hardmetals from three aspects: powder preparation, bulk densification, and performance characterization. Two special WC-Co hardmetals are also described: cobalt-enrichment zone (CEZ) hardmetals, and binderless hardmetals. Furthermore, the development prospects for manufacturing techniques of hardmetals are also presented in the end. Keywords Hardmetal • Ultrafine WC powder • Ultrafine cobalt powder • Extrusion press • Liquid sintering • Cobaltenrichment zone hardmetal • Binderless hardmetal 2 Powder preparation techniques Although WC-Co hardmetals can be made directly with mixing and reactive sintering of tungsten, carbon, and cobalt powders [6], the most commonly used method for preparing Tungsten www.springer.com/42864

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Hall-Petch strengthening of the constrained metallic binder in WC–Co cemented carbides: Experimental assessment by means of massive nanoindentation and statistical analysis

Cited by 67 publications

References 27 publications

Crystal Engineering for Mechanical Strength at Nano-Scale Dimensions

Crystal Engineering for Mechanical Strength at Nano-Scale Dimensions

In-Depth Understanding of Fatigue Micromechanisms in Cemented Carbides: Implications for Optimal Microstructural Tailoring

Development of manufacturing technology on WC–Co hardmetals

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