Halite-Anhydrite Seasonal Layers in the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada

Wardlaw, N. C.; Schwerdtner, W. M.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1966)77[331:hslitm]2.0.co;2

Cited by 83 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Layered halite layers of the Ionian zone subsurface evaporites present remarkable similarities with halite crusts observed at the "seasonal layers" of the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation of Saskatchevan (Wardlaw & Schwerdtner 1966), and at Recent salt pans (Shearman 1970). In those cases, halite crusts are considered to be formed either by growth on the brine surface or by upward and lateral growth of floor-nucleated crystals, possibly recording annual precipitation.…”

Section: Depositional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

Chevron-Type Halite and Nodular Anhydrite in the Triassic Subsurface Evaporites of the Ionian Zone (Western Greece)

et al. 2004

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Samples of the Ionian zone (western Greece) subsurface evaporites, obtained from well cores in salt bodies and in depths ranging from 1000 to 3500m, are texturally studied. Layered halite rocks consisting of chevron-type halite crystals represent most of the specimens. Between the chevron -type halite crystals, which are fluid inclusions-rich, clear halite without inclusions has been diagenetically formed by dissolution and precipitation processes. Anhydrite always accompanies the halite rocks as crystals or nodules. No-occurrence of gypsum has been detected. Along halite grain boundaries dolomite crystals occur. Dolomite grew on halite crystal surfaces as an early diagenetic mineral. Some dolomite crystals are clearly derived by replacement of anhydrite crystals. Halite layers are rich in clay and carbonaceous material favoring reducing environment (presence of pyrite crystals).Chevron-type halite supports accumulation beneath a body of brine, possibly recording annual precipitation cycles. However, its close association with nodular anhydrite cannot exclude the pos sibility of halite development, in a shallow-water or emergent environment by displacement from capillary brines. Since the studied halite crystals show evidence of mineral replacements and dis placement, we suggest an analogous mechanism including accumulation from a standing body of brine and subsequent textural modification in the groundwater zone.Although, Ionian subsurface evaporites have undergone the above-mentioned diagenetical processes, they still reU in their primary textural characteristics. Real brecciation has not been de tected in subsurface, except of an in-situ pseudo-brecciation. This observation clearly shows that the outcropping evaporite solution-collapse breccias were formed in the realm of meteoric zone, af ter the Ionian zone orogenesis.

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Section: Depositional Environmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

Chevron-Type Halite and Nodular Anhydrite in the Triassic Subsurface Evaporites of the Ionian Zone (Western Greece)

et al. 2004

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“…Primary halite is characterized by (1) cumulate crystals that precipitated at the air-brine interface or in the water column and (2) bottom-growth halite with or without fluid inclusion banding, the former called chevron halite and the latter clear bottom-growth halite [32][33][34][35][36]. Cumulate and chevron halite commonly contain well-defined fluid inclusion banding parallel to crystal growth faces.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

Wang

Lowenstein

2017

Minerals

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Elevated surface paleobrine temperatures (average 85.6 • C) are reported here from Cretaceous marine halites in the Maha Sarakham Formation, Khorat Plateau, Thailand. Fluid inclusions in primary subaqueous "chevron" and "cumulate" halites associated with potash salts contain daughter crystals of sylvite (KCl) and carnallite (MgCl 2 ·KCl·6H 2 O). Petrographic textures demonstrate that these fluid inclusions were trapped from the warm brines in which the halite crystallized. Later cooling produced supersaturated conditions leading to the precipitation of sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals within fluid inclusions. Dissolution temperatures of daughter crystals in fluid inclusions from the same halite bed vary over a large range (57.9 • C to 117.2 • C), suggesting that halite grew at different temperatures within and at the bottom of the water column. Consistency of daughter crystal dissolution temperatures within fluid inclusion bands and the absence of vapor bubbles at room temperature demonstrate that fluid inclusions have not stretched or leaked. Daughter crystal dissolution temperatures are reproducible to within 0.1 • C to 10.2 • C (average of 1.8 • C), and thus faithfully document paleobrine conditions. Microcrystalline hematite incorporated within halite crystals also indicate high paleobrine temperatures. We conclude that halite crystallized from warm brines rich in K-Mg-Na-Cl; sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals were nucleated during cooling of the warm brines sometime after deposition. Hothouse, hydrothermal, and solar-heating hypotheses are compared to explain the anomalously high surface paleobrine temperatures. Solar radiation stored in shallow density stratified brines is the most plausible explanation for the observed paleobrine temperatures and the progressively higher temperatures downward through the paleobrine column. The solar-heating hypothesis may also explain high paleobrine temperatures documented from fluid inclusions in other ancient halites.

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“…The evidence lies in the occurrence of "varves" in evaporite sequences. Commonly, the varves consist of an alternation of halite laminae, centimeters thick, and anhydrite-carbonate laminae, millimeters thick as in the Zechstein (Richter-Bernberg, 1950) or in the Devonian Prairie Evaporite (Wardlaw and Schwerdtner, 1966). Rhythmic alternations of halite and sylvite (Fiveg, 1955), anhydrite and carbonate (Udden, 1924;Richter-Bernberg, 1960), or of other sediment pairs (Bourchert, 1959, p. 14) are also known.…”

Section: Deep-basin Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of the Mediterranean Evaporite

Hsü¹,

Cita²

1973

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

134

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Halite-Anhydrite Seasonal Layers in the Middle Devonian Prairie Evaporite Formation, Saskatchewan, Canada

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Chevron-Type Halite and Nodular Anhydrite in the Triassic Subsurface Evaporites of the Ionian Zone (Western Greece)

Chevron-Type Halite and Nodular Anhydrite in the Triassic Subsurface Evaporites of the Ionian Zone (Western Greece)

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

The Origin of the Mediterranean Evaporite

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