Abstract:Recently, the perovskite solar cell (PSC) has gained increasing attention because of its remarkable surge in power conversion efficiency (PCE), up to 25.2%, over the past several years. Unfortunately, most of the efficient PSCs contain lead (Pb), a toxic metal which is an occupational and environmental hazard. Exposure to Pb is extremely common and can lead to significant detrimental neuropsychological and physical effects in humans. Tin (Sn) is also listed as a hazardous metal and causes issues, similar to th… Show more
“…Note that flexible CPRs are not bio-compatible since the proposed composite constitutes heavy metal Pb. Hence, for bio-compatible bio-mimetic eye further research employing Pb, less perovskites have to be carried out at the cost of the optical performance 53 . Fig.…”
Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security applications. There is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina’s photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such sensors. Herein, we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina’s rod cells, paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina network. The proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites (methyl-ammonium lead bromide) and the ferroelectric terpolymer (polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene). A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light spectrum. The proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic vision. The hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks, with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic polymer. The functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits (MNIST) dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05% recognition accuracy is demonstrated. This demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.
“…Note that flexible CPRs are not bio-compatible since the proposed composite constitutes heavy metal Pb. Hence, for bio-compatible bio-mimetic eye further research employing Pb, less perovskites have to be carried out at the cost of the optical performance 53 . Fig.…”
Neuromorphic vision sensors have been extremely beneficial in developing energy-efficient intelligent systems for robotics and privacy-preserving security applications. There is a dire need for devices to mimic the retina’s photoreceptors that encode the light illumination into a sequence of spikes to develop such sensors. Herein, we develop a hybrid perovskite-based flexible photoreceptor whose capacitance changes proportionally to the light intensity mimicking the retina’s rod cells, paving the way for developing an efficient artificial retina network. The proposed device constitutes a hybrid nanocomposite of perovskites (methyl-ammonium lead bromide) and the ferroelectric terpolymer (polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene). A metal-insulator-metal type capacitor with the prepared composite exhibits the unique and photosensitive capacitive behavior at various light intensities in the visible light spectrum. The proposed photoreceptor mimics the spectral sensitivity curve of human photopic vision. The hybrid nanocomposite is stable in ambient air for 129 weeks, with no observable degradation of the composite due to the encapsulation of hybrid perovskites in the hydrophobic polymer. The functionality of the proposed photoreceptor to recognize handwritten digits (MNIST) dataset using an unsupervised trained spiking neural network with 72.05% recognition accuracy is demonstrated. This demonstration proves the potential of the proposed sensor for neuromorphic vision applications.
“…[221] Moreover, when DMSO is used for Pbbased solutions, it can facilitate permeation of Pb through the skin in case of accidental contact. [222] It should be noted that the extensive use of solvents also raises additional environmental and waste disposal considerations. A recent study by Vidal et al presented a full LCA that assessed the human health toxicity and environmental impacts of a number of solvents widely used for deposition of organic-inorganic halide perovskites.…”
Section: Environmental-friendly Solvents and Encapsulantsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 221 ] Moreover, when DMSO is used for Pb‐based solutions, it can facilitate permeation of Pb through the skin in case of accidental contact. [ 222 ] It should be noted that the extensive use of solvents also raises additional environmental and waste disposal considerations. A recent study by Vidal et al.…”
Organic and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made significant strides in the last couple of years achieving high power conversion efficiencies (18% and 29%, respectively) and exceptional stability. Ultra‐flexible and environmentally stable organic and PSCs can effectively operate under various illumination settings. Herein, novel device concepts that comprise photovoltaic cells alone or in tandem with batteries or supercapacitors, acting as the main power supply to another microelectronic component, enabling self‐powered electronics for the Internet of Things (IoT) are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the specific requirements posed by such applications to pave the way to large scale commercialization. The importance of supporting a greener IoT ecosystem by eliminating toxic materials and solvents in the device fabrication process is highlighted.
“…[ 10 , 25 , 26 ] However, device instability still remains a critical issue to be solved. [ 27 , 28 , 29 ] Fortunately, metal‐free halide perovskites have been recently predicted to exhibit excellent piezoelectricity, good stability, and low toxicity. In recently reported metal‐free halide pervoskites, highly tunable organic ions and ammonium are utilized to replace metal ions in the perovskite structure.…”
Single crystal metal-free halide perovskites have received great attention in recent years owing to their excellent piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties. However, the nanotoxicity and piezoelectricity within the nanoscale of such materials have yet been reported for the demonstration of practical applications. In this work, the observation of intrinsic piezoelectricity in metal-free perovskite (MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 ) films using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is reported. A cytotoxicity test is also performed on MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 to evaluate its low-toxic nature. The as-synthesized MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 is further integrated into a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG). The MDABCO-NH 4 I 3 -based PENG (MN-PENG) exhibits optimal output voltage and current of 15.9 V and 54.5 nA, respectively. In addition, the MN-PENG can serve as a self-powered strain sensor for human-machine interface applications or be adopted in in vitro electrical stimulation devices. This work demonstrates a path of perovskite-based PENG with high performance, low toxicity, and multifunctionality for future advanced wearable sensors and portable therapeutic systems.
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