Halide Perovskite Solar Cells for Building Integrated Photovoltaics: Transforming Building Façades into Power Generators

Abstract

solar production in city centers, one either needs to increase the power generation per unit area (e.g., by high efficiency solar cells, or tandem solar cells) or increase the harvesting area by utilizing the building façade for solar electricity generation. Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) may include solar cells mounted on roof tops, skylights, balustrades, and façade (Figure 1). With the predominant use of glass as a building material, converting such building envelopes to a power generation source would allow for local energy harvesting and usage. In addition to energy generation, solarization of window glass can deliver energy conservation through heat rejection while providing visual comfort. BIPV including solar panels mounted on roof tops and façades, as well as solar windows form an integral strategy for realizing zero-energy (or more precisely, zerocarbon) buildings. BIPV as a multifunctional building skin allows new design opportunities for architects, engineers, and PV manufacturers to develop new product concepts, simultaneously marrying performance and aesthetics. Unlike conventional utility-scale PV modules that focus mainly on power output, BIPV elements require specific optical properties including transparency and color tunability, sometimes compromising power conversion efficiency (PCE) in favor of architectural sovereignty. Since the buildings may partially or entirely be covered by solar modules, an overall reduction in building materials and operational costs would augur well for expanded BIPV implementation. The global BIPV market is projected to approach US $60 billion by 2028, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate of 20%. [4] In modern cities, the lack of adequate space is the major barrier for solar panel deployment. However, the increasing energy demand and the aim of achieving zero-energy building necessitates the rapid growth of sustainable solar energy harvesting in modern cities and integration into future urban planning.In the current BIPV market, crystalline silicon (c-Si) PVs still lead and dominate the global market with over 70% market penetration in overall segments (including roof and façade applications) and this is still expected to be the trend of BIPV market for several years primarily due to the predictably declining price of crystalline silicon cells. As the present marketThe rapid emergence of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites for low-cost and high-efficiency photovoltaics promises to impact new photovoltaic concepts. Their high power conversion efficiencies, ability to coat perovskite layers on glass via various scalable deposition techniques, excellent optoelectronic properties, and synthetic versatility for modulating transparency and color allow perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to be an ideal solution for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs), which transforms windows or façades into electric power generators. In this review, the unique features and properties of PSCs for BIPV application are accessed. Device engineering and optical management ...

Chlorobenzenesulfonic Potassium Salts as the Efficient Multifunctional Passivator for the Buried Interface in Regular Perovskite Solar Cells

“…In order to further demonstrate the benefits of the chlorobenzenesulfonic potassium for the SnO 2 /perovskite interface passivation, we constructed a semitransparent perovskite solar cells (ST-PSCs) (Figure 7a) using the dilute perovskite precursor solution as reported in our previous work. [63] STsolar cells transforms windows or facades into electric power generators, [64] possess prominent advantages in BIPV applications. [63,65] The high-performance ST-PSCs are normally obtained by ultra-thin perovskite film to reduce visible light absorption which would inevitably increase the difficulty of control the crystallization of thin perovskite film and interface properties.…”

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

“…This also opens new opportunities of applications in BIPV for emerging PV technologies to transform building façades into electric power generators. [440]…”

Two-dimensional IV–VA3 monolayers with enhanced charge mobility for high-performance solar cells

“…With the increasingly serious environmental and energy problems, solar cells (SCs) have been widely studied and applied due to their cleanliness and flexibility. 1,2 Heterojunction SCs have high conversion efficiency and great potential, expected to be designed as the promising next-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology. 3 However, a high-quality heterojunction SC requires both donor and acceptor semiconductors with suitable band gaps to absorb solar radiation, along with high carrier mobility to promote efficient carrier transport to obtain high power conversion efficiency (PCE).…”