Halide perovskite memristors as flexible and reconfigurable physical unclonable functions

Abstract

Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) address the inherent limitations of conventional hardware security solutions in edge-computing devices. Despite impressive demonstrations with silicon circuits and crossbars of oxide memristors, realizing efficient roots of trust for resource-constrained hardware remains a significant challenge. Hybrid organic electronic materials with a rich reservoir of exotic switching physics offer an attractive, inexpensive alternative to design efficient cryptographic hardware, but have not been investigated till date. Here, we report a breakthrough security primitive exploiting the switching physics of one dimensional halide perovskite memristors as excellent sources of entropy for secure key generation and device authentication. Measurements of a prototypical 1 kb propyl pyridinium lead iodide (PrPyr[PbI3]) weak memristor PUF with a differential write-back strategy reveals near ideal uniformity, uniqueness and reliability without additional area and power overheads. Cycle-to-cycle write variability enables reconfigurability, while in-memory computing empowers a strong recurrent PUF construction to thwart machine learning attacks.

Advances in Flexible Memristors with Hybrid Perovskites

“…The material phase as well as the resistivity alter significantly when the temperature is varied in the range of 100–400 K. The hysteretic behavior can be attributed to the reorientation of the permanent dipoles of MA + on the application of an external electric field in addition to the intrinsic resistance of the PbI 6 lattice. Such voltage-dependent transient dipole formation due to polarization of bulky organic species and its influence on the memristive action is also reported for lower-dimensional perovskites …”

“…Such voltage-dependent transient dipole formation due to polarization of bulky organic species and its influence on the memristive action is also reported for lower-dimensional perovskites. 101…”

“…The ON/OFF current ratio of the device was observed as 20, which remained constant for 2.5 × 10 4 s at a read voltage of 10 mV, indicating excellent electrical stability of the device. Very recently, John et al reported a printable and flexible hybrid perovskite memristor-based physical unclonable function (HP memPUFs) technique and employed it for product authentication and identification purpose . The memristor device with the structure of PET/ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PrPyr­[PbI 3 ]/PMMA/Ag including 1D propylpyridinium lead iodide (PrPyr­[PbI 3 ]) as active layer exhibited an on/off ratio of 10 5 , stability up to 450 endurance cycles, and retention up to 10 4 s. The HRS state of the memristor is considered as the source of entropy to secure key generation and device authentication.…”

High Radiance of Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Enabled by Perovskite Heterojunctions

“…Metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are a new class of semiconductors that have led to great advances in optoelectronic devices in the past few years, including perovskite solar cells (PSCs), [1][2][3][4][5] perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] photo/X-ray detectors, [13][14][15][16] and memristors. [17][18][19][20] The PeLEDs are particularly interesting due to their high color purity, wide color gamut, and tunable emission wavelength. [21,22] Due to the substantial progress in improving the quality of perovskite layer, balancing the charge carrier injection, and trap passivation, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of PeLEDs fabricated through spin coating method has been boosted from <1% to above 20% in the past few years.…”

Stochastic behaviour of an interface-based memristive device

“…The switching from a low resistance state (LRS) to a high resistance state (HRS) and vice versa is initiated once the driving voltage reaches a specific value. With features such as low power consumption, passivity, and scalability down to the nanometer range, these devices have emerged out as potential candidates in the field of hardware security [6,7], non-volatile memory applications (e.g., resistive random access memories, RRAMs) [8][9][10], and neuromorphic systems [11][12][13][14].…”