Half sine, monophasic and biphasic transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Sommer, Martin; Alfaro, Arantxa; Rummel, Milena; Speck, S.; Lang, N.; Tings, Tobias; Paulus, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.10.029

Cited by 175 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This may affect both the neuroplastic response when TMS is employed to induce plasticity (Hannah, Rocchi, Tremblay, & Rothwell, 2016) and the specific circuitry assessed when TMS is used to probe changes in excitability (Sommer et al, 2006). Therefore, a limitation of our study results is that TMS mapping using monophasic TMS pulses with any current direction may reveal a different response rate than we have observed with the biphasic Magstim Rapid 2 TMS stimulator used in the present study.…”

Section: Variability In Use-dependent Plasticitycontrasting

confidence: 53%

Interindividual Variability in Use-Dependent Plasticity Following Visuomotor Learning: The Effect of Handedness and Muscle Trained

Ruit

Grey

2018

Journal of Motor Behavior

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ABSTRACT. Motor learning has been linked with increases in corticospinal excitability (CSE). However, the robustness of this link is unclear. In this study, changes in CSE associated with learning a visuomotor tracking task were mapped using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). TMS maps were obtained before and after training with the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) of the dominant and nondominant hand, and for a distal (FDI) and proximal (biceps brachii) muscle. Tracking performance improved following 20 min of visuomotor training, while map area was unaffected. Large individual differences were observed with 18%-36% of the participants revealing an increase in TMS map area. This result highlights the complex relationship between motor learning and use-dependent plasticity of the motor cortex.

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Section: Variability In Use-dependent Plasticitycontrasting

confidence: 53%

Interindividual Variability in Use-Dependent Plasticity Following Visuomotor Learning: The Effect of Handedness and Muscle Trained

Ruit

Grey

2018

Journal of Motor Behavior

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“…Our primary goal was to dissociate the medio-lateral spatial representations of two hand muscles. Therefore, since the area of stimulation increases with stimulation intensity, we used a biphasic pulse configuration with an antero-posterior followed by posteroanterior (AP-PA) current in the brain (Kammer et al, 2001), which allows lower stimulation intensities (Sommer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing transcranial mapping into shape: Sulcus-aligned mapping captures motor somatotopy in human primary motor hand area

et al. 2015

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“…During biphasic stimulation the charge accumulation reaches its maximum amplitude during the second pulse (Corthout et al, 2001), and the maximal response is elicited when this second pulse is directed towards antero-medial, with the first pulse flowing postero-lateral (Kammer et al, 2001;Sommer et al, 2006).…”

Section: E-mail Address: Daniela@nrudk (D Balslev)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-individual variability in optimal current direction for transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex

Balslev

Braet

McAllister

et al. 2007

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

108

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We evaluated inter-individual variability in optimal current direction for biphasic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex. Motor threshold for first dorsal interosseus was detected visually at eight coil orientations in 45• increments. Each participant (n = 13) completed two experimental sessions. One participant with low test-retest correlation (Pearson's r < 0.5) was excluded. In four subjects, visual detection of motor threshold was compared to EMG detection; motor thresholds were very similar and highly correlated (0.94-0.99).Similar with previous studies, stimulation in the majority of participants was most effective when the first current pulse flowed towards posterolateral in the brain. However, in four participants, the optimal coil orientation deviated from this pattern. A principal component analysis using all eight orientations suggests that in our sample the optimal orientation of current direction was normally distributed around the postero-lateral orientation with a range of 63• (S.D. = 13.70 • ). Whenever the intensity of stimulation at the target site is calculated as a percentage from the motor threshold, in order to minimize intensity and side-effects it may be worthwhile to check whether rotating the coil 45• from the traditional posterior-lateral orientation decreases motor threshold.

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Half sine, monophasic and biphasic transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human motor cortex

Cited by 175 publications

References 16 publications

Interindividual Variability in Use-Dependent Plasticity Following Visuomotor Learning: The Effect of Handedness and Muscle Trained

Interindividual Variability in Use-Dependent Plasticity Following Visuomotor Learning: The Effect of Handedness and Muscle Trained

Bringing transcranial mapping into shape: Sulcus-aligned mapping captures motor somatotopy in human primary motor hand area

Inter-individual variability in optimal current direction for transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex

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