Half-sib family selection for yield of digestible organic matter in kale (Brassica oleraceal L.)

Bradshaw, J. E.; Mackay, G. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00022880

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Given that four generations of half-sib family breeding for a higher yield of IVDOM in an initial population which included different types of kales and cabbages, led to a population of marrow-stem kale, Bradshaw and Mackay [47] concluded that this was the type of kale most suitable for the simultaneous improvement of yield and feeding value. From Kunelius et al [129], IVDMD of a marrow kale variety was indeed very high all along the season, close to 92% from 110 to 185 days after sowing, whereas lignin content remained low and increased only from 2.5 to 3.5%.…”

Section: Genetic Variation In Cell Wall Digestibility Estimated From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

et al. 2003

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-Forage plants are the basis of ruminant nutrition, and cell wall digestibility is the limiting factor of their feeding value. Cell wall digestibility is therefore "the" target for improving the feeding value of forage crops. Among annual forages, maize cropped for silage making is the most widely used, and much research in genetics, physiology and molecular biology of annual forages is devoted to maize. Sorghum, immature small grain cereals and straws of small grain cereals are also given to cattle. Some dicotyledons are or were also used, such as forage beets, kales, canola in temperate areas and amaranths in tropical and subtropical areas. Large genetic variation for cell wall digestibility was proved from both in vivo and in vitro experiments in numerous species. Among the regular maize hybrids (excluding brown-midrib ones), the NDF in vivo digestibility nearly doubled from 32.9 to 60.1%. Correlations between in vivo and in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility were often close to 0.75, but in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility significantly reduced the range of variation between genotypes. Despite lignin content is well known as the major factor making cell wall undigestible, breeding for a higher digestibility of plant only from a lignin content trait appeared impossible. Correlations between lignin content and cell wall digestibility were indeed greatly variable according to the genetic background. Moreover, enzymatic solubilities were excessively dependent on lignin, and correlation between in vivo estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content were always lower than correlation between in vitro estimates of cell wall digestibility and lignin content. Among brown-midrib genes, the bm3 mutant in maize, and the bmr12 (and possibly bmr18) mutant in sorghum, which are both altered in the COMT activity, appeared as the most efficient in cell wall digestibility improvement. Moreover, a great genetic variation in the efficiency of the maize bm3 gene for cell wall digestibility improvement was observed according to the genetic background, with a lower efficiency when the normal germplasm was of better cell wall digestibility. Efficient breeding maize and others annual forage plants demands a renewing of genetic resources. Because resources of interest in cell wall digestibility improvement could be of poor agronomic value, the best is likely to cell wall digestibility / ingestibility / annual forage / maize / genetic variation / breeding / lignin Résumé -Amélioration de la digestibilité des parois des fourrages annuels. Les plantes fourragères sont à la base de l'alimentation des ruminants, mais leur valeur nutritive est limitée par la digestibilité variable des parois végétales, dont l'amélioration est alors la cible essentielle des programmes de sé-lection. Parmi les fourrages annuels, le maïs est la plante la plus cultivée, et c'est sur cette espèce que porte l'essentiel de la recherche en génétique, physiologie et biologie moléculaire. Toutefois, le sorgho, les céréales à paill...

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Section: Genetic Variation In Cell Wall Digestibility Estimated From mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

et al. 2003

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“…Similarly, predictions were achieved with half-sib family selection in kale for clubroot resistance (Bradshaw and Williamson 1991) and for high and low thiocyanate content (Bradshaw and Griffiths 1990). In contrast, half-sib family selection for yield of digestible organic matter in kale (Bradshaw and Mackay 1985) resulted in increases relative to two control cultivars for two generations, followed by decreases for two further generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The genotype-environment interactions for the seven controls in the 1983-89 trials could have contributed to the differences between the population and control means, as discussed by Bradshaw and Mackay (1985) for a kale improvement programme. In contrast, the interactions were considerably less for dry matter content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapifera Metzg.) population improvement and cultivar production

Bradshaw¹,

Gemmell²,

Gowers³

et al. 2002

Plant Breeding

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In 1977, a fodder turnip breeding programme was started from seven cultivars with the primary aim of increasing dry-matter yield. The breeding method chosen was population improvement by half-sib family selection on a biennial cycle. Seed production in polythene tunnels with blowflies as pollinators was followed by assessing the resulting progenies in replicated yield trials and observation plots from which plants were selected for the next cycle. Six generations of selection resulted in a population with a yield that was 25% higher than the mean of the initial seven cultivars. This was remarkably close to the predicted superiority of the population, despite a significant discrepancy in one generation. It is concluded that the greatest response to selection per year would be achieved by selecting eight families from 128 assessed for 1 year in trials at two or three sites with an overall total of six replicates, given a resource limit of 800 plots.

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“…Genetic variation was achieved by including cultivars of diverse geographic origin (France, Germany, Japan, New Zealand and the United Kingdom), but restricted to the marrow-stem type for eventual ease of producing a cultivar with the necessary uniformity for National Listing. This decision was influenced by the results of the kale improvement programme started at the former Scottish Plant Breeding Station in 1971 (Bradshaw and Mackay 1985). The initial population had included thousand-head kales (var.…”

Section: Foundation Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kale population improvement and cultivar production

Bradshaw

Wilson

2012

Euphytica

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Marrow-stem kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala L.) is grown in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and similar climates, for feeding cattle and sheep during autumn and winter. Population improvement by half-sib family selection for higher digestibility and digestible organic matter yield, lower levels of antimetabolites, and clubroot resistance is described and analysed as a selection experiment. The foundation population consisted of 120 clubroot resistant plants from the 16 most resistant marrow-stem cultivars in an assessment of 96 cultivars of Brassica oleracea. At the end of the first generation of selection adequate resistance had been achieved. After five generations, dry-matter content and digestible organic matter yield had been increased, the latter without an undesirable increase in height. Indolyl glucosinolate (source of goitrogenic thiocyanate ion) content had been reduced, but not S-methylcysteine sulphoxide (the haemolytic factor) content. Selection differentials each generation were small and heritabilities of family means were moderate to low, making improvement per generation slow. It was demonstrated that faster progress could be made by switching from half-sib to full-sib family selection, as expected from theory. Multiplication of the half-sib family with the highest digestibility (DOMD%) achieved an improvement in this trait, without a reduction in digestible organic matter yield, and was marketed as cultivar Grampian.

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Half-sib family selection for yield of digestible organic matter in kale (Brassica oleraceal L.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 6 publications

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

Genetic variation and breeding strategies for improved cell wall digestibility in annual forage crops. A review

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. ssp. rapifera Metzg.) population improvement and cultivar production

Kale population improvement and cultivar production

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