Half‐Cell and Full‐Cell Applications of Highly Stable and Binder‐Free Sodium Ion Batteries Based on Cu₃P Nanowire Anodes

Abstract

Sodium-ion battery (SIB) is especially attractive in cost-effective energy storage device as an alternative to lithium-ion battery. Particularly, metal phosphides as potential anodes for SIBs have recently been demonstrated owing to their higher specifi c capacities compared with those of carbonaceous materials. Unfortunately, most reported metal phosphides consist of irregular particles ranged from several hundreds nanometers to tens of micrometers, thus delivering limited cyclic stability. This paper reports the sodium storage properties of additive-free Cu 3 P nanowire (CPNW) anode directly grown on copper current collector via an in situ growth followed by phosphidation method. Therefore, as a result of its structure features, CPNW anode demonstrates highly stable cycling ability with an ≈70% retention in capacity at the 260th cycle, whereas most reported metal phosphides have limited cycle numbers ranged between 30 and 150. Besides, the reaction mechanism between Cu 3 P and Na is investigated by examining the intermediate products at different charge/discharge stages using ex situ X-ray diffraction measurements. Furthermore, to explore the practical application of CPNW anode, a pouch-type Na + full cell consisting of CPNW anode and Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathode is assembled and characterized. As a demonstration, a 10 cm × 10 cm light-emmiting diode (LED) screen is successfully powered by the Na + full cell. Figure 6. a) Schematic representation of the pouch-type CPNW/NVP Na + full cell. b) Cycling performance of the CPNW/NVP Na + full cell at current densities of 600 mA g −1 . c,d) Optical images showing a fl exible LED screen powered by the pouch-type CPNW/NVP Na + full cell. wileyonlinelibrary.com

Bifunctional Conducting Polymer Coated CoP Core–Shell Nanowires on Carbon Paper as a Free‐Standing Anode for Sodium Ion Batteries

“…[15][16][17] The metal phosphide arrays www.advenergymat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com (e.g., Cu 3 P nanowires, [18] CoP nanorods, [19] Zn 3 P 2 nanowires, [20] Ni 2 P nanorods [21] ) were directly grown on different conductive substrates such as Cu foil, carbon cloth, nickel foam, and stainless steel. [15][16][17] The metal phosphide arrays www.advenergymat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com (e.g., Cu 3 P nanowires, [18] CoP nanorods, [19] Zn 3 P 2 nanowires, [20] Ni 2 P nanorods [21] ) were directly grown on different conductive substrates such as Cu foil, carbon cloth, nickel foam, and stainless steel.…”

“…[15][16][17] The metal phosphide arrays www.advenergymat.de www.advancedsciencenews.com (e.g., Cu 3 P nanowires, [18] CoP nanorods, [19] Zn 3 P 2 nanowires, [20] Ni 2 P nanorods [21] ) were directly grown on different conductive substrates such as Cu foil, carbon cloth, nickel foam, and stainless steel. [18] In spite of their inherent merits, the electrochemical performances of these binder-free electrodes still fall short of expectation. Moreover, such nanostructuring enhanced the utilization of space by minimizing the geometric footprint of the electrode, thus allowing for the effective accommodation of the inevitable volume change of the active material during charge/ discharge.…”

Na‐Ion Batteries for Large Scale Applications: A Review on Anode Materials and Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation

“…[260] Cobalt phosphide (CoP) delivered 700 mA h g −1 in the first cycle but faded to 315 mA h g −1 after 25 cycles despite the use of FEC additive. [264] Over 80% capacity retention was observed at 200 and 500 mA g −1 , maintaining 215.2 and 178.8 mA h g −1 , respectively, after 100 cycles. [263] Ex situ XRD and TEM studies corroborated the reversible conversion mechanism from CuP 2 to Cu and Na 3 P. A different phase, Cu 3 P, was prepared by Fan et al as nanowires.…”

Flexible Electrodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

“…Up to now, various metal substrates, including Cu, [24][25][26][27][28] Ti, [29][30][31][32] and stainless steel, [33,34] have been used to construct oriented and architectured nanoarrays. Taking the Cu substrate as an example, various materials, including CuO nanorods, [24] Cu 3 P nanowires, [25] nanoporous SnO 2 , [26] network-structured CuO, [27] and C-coated SnO x nanosheets, [28] have been grown on Cu foil.…”

“…Taking the Cu substrate as an example, various materials, including CuO nanorods, [24] Cu 3 P nanowires, [25] nanoporous SnO 2 , [26] network-structured CuO, [27] and C-coated SnO x nanosheets, [28] have been grown on Cu foil. For example, Yuan et al [24] showed a strategy for scalable fabrication of flexible CuO nanorod arrays (CNAs) by simply engraving commercial Cu foil in situ (Figure 1a,b).…”