Hajj vaccinations—facts, challenges, and hope

Ghany, Moataz Abd El; Sharaf, Hazem; Hill-Cawthorne, Grant A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.024

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Hajj has already been associated with an increased risk of airborne, foodborne and zoonotic infections [100]. Recent studies have demonstrated that pilgrims are at high potential risk of acquiring and transmitting AMR enteric bacteria, [106][107][108][109] including carbapenemase-producing E. coli [110] and extended-spectrum cephalosporin-and colistin-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella [111], as well as MDR Acinetobacter spp. [110].…”

Section: Amr Dissemination In Wastewater Associated With Mass Gatherimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be the most affected, both in terms of impact on public health and economic burden. Recent studies highlighted the role of resistance networks on the transmission of AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.g., human health, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine) and other components, including environmental factors (e.g., persistence of AMR in wastewater). Many studies have highlighted the role of wastewater as a significant environmental reservoir of AMR as it represents an ideal environment for AMR bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) to persist. Although the treatment process can help in removing or reducing the ARB load, it has limited impact on ARGs. ARGs are not degradable; therefore, they can be spread among microbial communities in the environment through horizontal gene transfer, which is the main resistance mechanism in most Gram-negative bacteria. Here we analysed the recent literature to highlight the contribution of wastewater to the emergence, persistence and transmission of AMR under different settings, particularly those associated with mass gathering events (e.g., Hajj and Kumbh Mela).

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Section: Amr Dissemination In Wastewater Associated With Mass Gatherimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

et al. 2020

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“…Similar figures for PPV23 were 54%, 53% and 67%, respectively [6]. Although PPV23 covers more serotypes than PCV13 and demonstrated efficiency against invasive pneumococcal disease for adults, it does confer short-lived protection and its efficiency against community acquired pneumonia is uncertain [5,7]. Recent assessments indicate that PCV13 may offer advantages over PPV23.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Recent assessments indicate that PCV13 may offer advantages over PPV23. Indeed, many studies have highlighted that pneumococcal conjugate vaccine are more effective than the polysaccharide vaccine in preventing invasive and non-invasive infections for children less than 5 years old and for adults (>65 years old), and for preventing pneumococcal disease in immunocompromised patients of [7].It may also reduce vaccine-serotype carriage leading to a reduction in disease transmission and confer more prolonged immunity [7]. At present, neither the PPV23 nor PCV13 is recommended locally or nationally for pilgrims.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gathering Medicine: Is Pneumococcal Vaccination Useful to Prevent Pneumonia in Elderly Pilgrims to Mecca?

Hamouda¹,

Naija²

2019

Emerg Med

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Introduction:The Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca is an annual mass gathering event with high risk of infectious diseases. Method:In this short communication we try to check clinical evidence comforting pneumococcal vaccination to prevent pneumonia in elderly pilgrims to Mecca.Results and discussion: Current medical researches focused on microorganism portage and pathogens responsible of epidemic infectious diseases. In this context, and since the epidemic meningitides declared among Mecca pilgrims in 1987, vaccination procedures were developed. However recommendations for prevention of respiratory tract infection, mostly faired when Influenza H1N1 or Middle East Coronavirus are suspected, are still under health professional expectations. Conclusion:Since many countries published clinical expert reports, we recommend an international clinical survey to provide evidence based practice of pneumococcal vaccination for elderly pilgrims to Mecca.

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“…A review in this issue discusses the need for vaccines for mass gatherings and draws attention to immunization against pneumococcal infections in elderly pilgrims and highlights that polio may be a risk. 27 An important vaccine for Hajj pilgrims, and the Arabian Peninsula in general, is one against MERS-CoV. The engineering of live attenuated vaccines has been facilitated by the development of reverse genetics.…”

Section: Tools For the Control Of Infections At Mass Gatheringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is the experience from previous mass gathering events? Lessons for Zika virus and the Olympics 2016

Zumla¹,

McCloskey²,

Saeed³

et al. 2016

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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All previous experiences from different mass gathering show that vaccine preventable diseases is the most important infections like influemza, hepatitis A, polio and meningitis. Three mass gathering held in Africa during the Ebola outbreak accepted participants from West Africa and was able to handle the theoretical risk without any incident. Therefore we believe that the Olympc games in Rio de Janeiro should not be canceled. The number of visitors to the games is a tine fraction (1%) of other visitors to Zika endemic con tries and it will have no measurable effect on the risk of spreading Zika virus, if the games was cancelled.

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Hajj vaccinations—facts, challenges, and hope

Cited by 21 publications

References 143 publications

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings

Gathering Medicine: Is Pneumococcal Vaccination Useful to Prevent Pneumonia in Elderly Pilgrims to Mecca?

What is the experience from previous mass gathering events? Lessons for Zika virus and the Olympics 2016

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