Hair of Australian aborigines (Arnhem Land)

Trotter, Mildred; Duggins, Oliver H.; Setzler, Frank M.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330140408

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These samples were collected between $1935 and 1966 for research on hair morphology (Trotter and Dawson, 1934;Trotter, 1936Trotter, , 1956Duggins and Trotter, 1959) and donated to the SI in 1967, where they have been stored in paper envelopes and housed in a climate-controlled, low-humidity room. The provenance information for these samples is incomplete and varied, but in most cases includes the cultural identity, sex, and age of the hair donor as well as the location and date of collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and physiological controls on the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of hair from mid‐20th century indigenous populations

Bowen

Ehleringer

Chesson

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

121

150

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A semimechanistic model has recently been proposed to explain observed correlations between the H and O isotopic composition of hair from modern residents of the USA and the isotopic composition of drinking water, but the applicability of this model to hair from non-USA and preglobalization populations is unknown. Here we test the model against data from hair samples collected during the 1930s-1950s from populations of five continents. Although C and N isotopes confirm that the samples represent a much larger range of dietary "space" than the modern USA residents, the model is able to reproduce the observed delta(2)H and delta(18)O values given reasonable adjustments to 2 model parameters: the fraction of dietary intake derived from locally produced foods and the fraction of keratin H fixed during the in vivo synthesis of amino acids. The model is most sensitive to the local dietary intake, which appears to constitute between 60% and 80% of diet among the groups sampled. The isotopic data are consistent with a trophic-level effect on protein H isotopes, which we suggest primarily reflects mixing of (2)H-enriched water and (2)H-depleted food H in the body rather than fractionation during biosynthesis. Samples from Inuit groups suggest that humans with marine-dominated diets can be identified on the basis of coupled delta(2)H and delta(18)O values of hair. These results indicate a dual role for H and O isotopic measurements of keratin, including both biological (diet, physiology) and environmental (geographic movement, paleoclimate) reconstruction.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary and physiological controls on the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of hair from mid‐20th century indigenous populations

Bowen

Ehleringer

Chesson

et al. 2009

American J Phys Anthropol

121

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With the decreased interest in continuing support for the Terry Collection, and anticipating her retirement, Trotter began correspondence with T. Dale Stewart concerning the possibility for transfer of the collection to the Smithsonian Institution for permanent curation. In this transfer in 1967, the NMNH Anthropology Department also received Trotter's collection of burnt bone from her studies of bone ash weight (Trotter, 1973;Trotter and Peterson, 1955;Trotter and Hixson, 1974), as well as her collection of hair samples from her studies on hair morphology and identification (Trotter, 1930(Trotter, , 1938(Trotter, , 1943Trotter et al, 1956;Duggins, 1948, 1950;Duggins and Trotter, 1950).…”

Section: Mildred Trotter's Influence On the Terry Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and demographic composition of the Robert J. Terry anatomical collection

Hunt

Albanese

2005

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

222

169

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Robert J. Terry began collecting human skeletal remains in the area of St. Louis, Missouri for research and educational purposes in 1898. He continued collecting skeletal specimens in the Anatomy Department at Washington University until his retirement in 1941. Mildred Trotter succeeded Terry as anatomy professor and continued his collecting, and strove to balance the demographic distribution of the collection. In 1967, after her retirement, the collection was moved to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History. As with several other well-documented collections, the Terry Collection is widely used for a diverse range of anthropological and medical research. Despite its extensive use, there has been limited discussion of the collection's history and incomplete description of holdings and associated materials of this collection. In this paper, the historical background of the collection and the collection process is described; the demographic composition of the collection, and a description of the documentary and supporting data are presented; and the quality and of these data are assessed. The Terry Collection consists of 1,728 individuals. Age at death ranges from 14-102 years, with the majority of the individuals ranging from 20-80 years. Year of birth ranges from 1828-1943; the mean year of birth for males is 1880, and for females it is 1884. The mean age at death for males is 53 years, and for females it is 58 years. Terry's strict protocols for the processing of cadavers and the recording of documentary data make the Terry Collection a valuable resource for anthropological and medical research.

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“…It is of interest that despite higher EI values, African and Negrito hair is usually less medullated than European or Asian hair types (Trotter, Duggins & Setzler, ; Das Chaudhuri, ). An explanation for this via non‐MPC papillae, perhaps analogous to the IRS‐medulla cell shunt does not seem adequate.…”

Section: Hair Curvature: Mechanical and Morphological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review

Nissimov¹,

Chaudhuri

2014

Biological Reviews

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Although hair forms (straight, curly, wavy, etc.) are present in apparently infinite variations, each fibre can be reduced to a finite sequence of tandem segments of just three types: straight, bent/curly, or twisted. Hair forms can thus be regarded as resulting from genetic pathways that induce, reverse or modulate these basic curvature modes. However, physical interconversions between twists and curls demonstrate that strict one-to-one correspondences between them and their genetic causes do not exist. Current hair-curvature theories do not distinguish between bending and twisting mechanisms. We here introduce a multiple papillary centres (MPC) model which is particularly suitable to explain twisting. The model combines previously known features of hair cross-sectional morphology with partially/completely separated dermal papillae within single follicles, and requires such papillae to induce differential growth rates of hair cortical material in their immediate neighbourhoods. The MPC model can further help to explain other, poorly understood, aspects of hair growth and morphology. Separate bending and twisting mechanisms would be preferentially affected at the major or minor ellipsoidal sides of fibres, respectively, and together they exhaust the possibilities for influencing hair-form phenotypes. As such they suggest dialectic for hair-curvature development. We define a natural-dialectic (ND) which could take advantage of speculative aspects of dialectic, but would verify its input data and results by experimental methods. We use this as a top-down approach to first define routes by which hair bending or twisting may be brought about and then review evidence in support of such routes. In particular we consider the wingless (Wnt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways as paradigm pathways for molecular hair bending and twisting mechanisms, respectively. In addition to the Wnt canonical pathway, the Wnt/Ca(2+) and planar cell polarity (PCP) pathways, and others, can explain many alternatives and specific variations of hair bending phenotypes. Mechanisms for hair papilla budding or its division by bisection or fission can explain MPC formation. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) transitions, acting in collaboration with epithelial-mesenchymal communications are also considered as mechanisms affecting hair growth and its bending and twisting. These may be treated as sub-mechanisms of an overall development from neural-crest stem cell (NCSC) lineages to differentiated hair follicle (HF) cell types, thus providing a unified framework for hair growth and development.

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Hair of Australian aborigines (Arnhem Land)

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Dietary and physiological controls on the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of hair from mid‐20th century indigenous populations

Dietary and physiological controls on the hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios of hair from mid‐20th century indigenous populations

History and demographic composition of the Robert J. Terry anatomical collection

Hair curvature: a natural dialectic and review

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