Hair dye and risk of skin sensitization induction: a product survey and quantitative risk assessment for para-phenylenediamine (PPD)

Towle, Kevin M.; Hwang, Ruth; Fung, Ernest S.; Hollins, Dana M.; Monnot, Andrew D.

doi:10.1080/15569527.2020.1802740

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Another thing to look out for here is that the color of shampoo and treatment liquid may change darker due to the nature of polyphenols 27,28 . This is to bring about the same coloration as dyeing, and reflects that it can affect the human body as well 31,32 . At the same time, considering the 1,2,4‐trihydroxybenzenet ingredient, which has recently been an issue in the coloring shampoo market in Korea, it is for consumers who are concerned about gray hair with a lot of dye–shampoo.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 , 28 This is to bring about the same coloration as dyeing, and reflects that it can affect the human body as well. 31 , 32 At the same time, considering the 1,2,4‐trihydroxybenzenet ingredient, which has recently been an issue in the coloring shampoo market in Korea, it is for consumers who are concerned about gray hair with a lot of dye–shampoo. It is a solution to the problem, but the problem in long‐term use cannot be overlooked.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review

Lee

Kwon

2023

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims As the number of demanders who want to easily cover gray hair increases, the demand market is rapidly expanding along with the demand for coloring shampoos that can be dyed while shampooing. Among these coloring shampoo ingredients, it is necessary to differentiate products that are safe and harmless to the human body in consideration of hair loss or skin barrier problems caused by trihydroxybenzene (THB) ingredients. The correct selection criteria were presented by examining the problems, effectiveness, and side effects when used in relation to the skin barrier through previous studies by consideration of the ingredients of the coloring shampoo and the skin barrier of the scalp. Methods The analysis of this study looked at previous studies through a systematic literature review through related keywords for coloring shampoo. After reviewing 150–200 related prior papers, a total of 39 review papers were finally selected using the PRISMA flow diagram. Results It was confirmed through a literature review that the coloring shampoo containing THB, which is harmful to the human body, has a detrimental effect on the scalp‐skin barrier. Conclusion This study examined the harmfulness of coloring shampoo on the scalp skin barrier. It was confirmed that frequent coloring shampoo procedures can have various harmful effects on the scalp. Therefore, it is important to reduce side effects caused by the use of harmful ingredients and maintain a healthy scalp condition through analysis of sufficient scalp conditions and consultation with experts. In addition, various studies on the standard standards and age for harmful ingredients are suggested.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review

Lee

Kwon

2023

Health Science Reports

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“…The presence of contact allergies is closely attributed to the potent skin sensitizers contained in hair dyes, such as aromatic amines including PPD, a prevalent hair dye ingredient . However, using permanent hair dyes containing PPD at concentrations ≤0.67% is unlikely to induce skin sensitization . Recently, Goebel and co-workers found that a methoxymethyl side chain introduced into PPD not only reduced the sensitizing intensity and the risk of allergic induction but also resulted in excellent hair coloring performance.…”

Section: Hair Dye-induced Toxicities and Adverse Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 43 However, using permanent hair dyes containing PPD at concentrations ≤0.67% is unlikely to induce skin sensitization. 44 Recently, Goebel and co-workers 45 found that a methoxymethyl side chain introduced into PPD not only reduced the sensitizing intensity and the risk of allergic induction but also resulted in excellent hair coloring performance.…”

Section: Hair Dye-induced Toxicities and Adverse Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Michailidou

Gahlon

Zeng

2022

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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Given the worldwide popularity of hair dyeing, there is an urgent need to understand the toxicities and risks associated with exposure to chemicals found in hair dye formulations. Hair dyes are categorized as oxidative and nonoxidative in terms of their chemical composition and ingredients. For several decades, the expert panel’s Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) has assessed the safety of many of the chemicals used in hair dyes; however, a comprehensive review of hair dye ingredients and the risk of exposure to hair dyeing has not been documented. Herein, we review the safety of the various chemicals in oxidative and nonoxidative hair dyes, toxicities associated with hair dyeing, and the carcinogenic risks related to hair dyeing. While many compounds are considered safe for users at the concentrations in hair dyes, there are conflicting data about a large number of hair dye formulations. The CIR expert panel has ratified a number of coloring ingredients for hair dyes and banned a series of chemicals as carcinogenic to animals and unsafe for this application. The use of these chemicals as raw materials for producing hair dyes may result in the synthesis of other contaminants with potential toxicities and increased risk of carcinogenesis. It is an open question whether personal or occupational hair dyeing increases the risk of cancer; however, in specific subpopulations, a positive association between hair dye use and cancer occurrence has been reported. To address this question, a better understanding of the chemical and mechanistic basis of the reported toxicities of hair dye mixtures and individual hair dye ingredients is needed. It is anticipated that in-depth chemical and systems toxicology studies harnessing modern and emerging techniques can shed light on this public health concern in the future.

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Dermal exposure and hair dye: Assessing potential bladder cancer risk from permanent hair dye

Fung

Mathis

et al. 2023

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Hair dye and risk of skin sensitization induction: a product survey and quantitative risk assessment for para-phenylenediamine (PPD)

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review

Considering the risk of a coloring shampoo with the function of gray hair cover cosmetology and skin barrier: A systematic review

Hair Dye Ingredients and Potential Health Risks from Exposure to Hair Dyeing

Dermal exposure and hair dye: Assessing potential bladder cancer risk from permanent hair dye

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