Hair coat properties of donkeys, mules and horses in a temperate climate

Osthaus, Britta; Proops, Leanne; Long, Sarah S; Bell, Nikki; Hayday, Kristin; Burden, Faith

doi:10.1111/evj.12775

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The skin and the subcutaneous fat were thicker and the hair coat was longer in donkeys than in horses (see the values in Table 1), providing a better thermal insulation for donkeys. Recent results suggest that the hair coat properties of donkeys and horses are significantly different [38], even in animals with shorter hair than in this study. This difference might be due to the considerably large seasonal variation in hair weight and length typical for horses, but not for donkeys, or different breeds of horses participating in our research (Polish-native warmblooded horses/ponies) compared to [38] (U.K.-native coldblooded horses/ponies).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

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Comparison of the Surface Thermal Patterns of Horses and Donkeys in Infrared Thermography Images

Domino

Romaszewski

Jasiński

et al. 2020

Animals

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Infrared thermography (IRT) is a valuable diagnostic tool in equine veterinary medicine; however, little is known about its application to donkeys. This study aims to find patterns in thermal images of donkeys and horses and determine if these patterns share similarities. The study is carried out on 18 donkeys and 16 horses. All equids undergo thermal imaging with an infrared camera and measurement of the skin thickness and hair coat length. On the class maps of each thermal image, fifteen regions of interest (ROIs) are annotated and then combined into 10 groups of ROIs (GORs). The existence of statistically significant differences between surface temperatures in GORs is tested both “globally” for all animals of a given species and “locally” for each animal. Two special cases of animals that differed from the rest are also discussed. The results indicate that the majority of thermal patterns are similar for both species; however, average surface temperatures in horses (22.72±2.46 °C) are higher than in donkeys (18.88±2.30 °C). This could be related to differences in the skin thickness and hair coat. The patterns of both species are associated with GORs, rather than with an individual ROI, and there is a higher uniformity in the donkeys’ patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…The hair coat samples were taken from the mid-neck approximately 5 cm below the base of the mane. The length of individual hairs was determined from a random sample of five pulled strands, including the roots [38].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Surface Thermal Patterns of Horses and Donkeys in Infrared Thermography Images

Domino

Romaszewski

Jasiński

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…Morphological analysis of mammalian hairs may help in species identification, understanding evolutionary effects including adaptive alterations due to climate changes in many species or origin of hairs (Mansilla et al, 2011;Chernova et al, 2016a;Pikhtirova & Ivchenko, 2019). Osthaus et al (2018) established that donkeys' hair coats do not significantly differ across the seasons. All three measurements of the insulation properties of the hair sam-ples indicate that donkeys do not grow a winter coat and that their hair coat was significantly lighter, shorter and thinner than that of horses and mules in winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair coat properties of donkeys, mules and horses in a temperate climate was carried out by Osthaus et al (2018) but ultramicrostructural comparison was not carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

Pikhtirova

Ivchenko

Шкромада

2019

Ukr. Jour. of Vet. and Agr. Sci.

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Hair is an indispensable component of the animal body. Having structural features of the structure, it allows you likely to identify the type and age of animals, conditions of keeping animals, feeding and even sex. Paleontologist's findings prove, the hairline stores the undisputed information on its “owner” for thousands of years. According to the results of the conducted research it is established, that the hair coat of the studied animal species – Equinus asinus and Equus caballus – has significant differences in the structure of the brain substance and superficial drawing of the cuticle. Microscopic examination of discolored samples of animal hair well-recognizes the structure of the brain substance, which makes it possible to differentiate the species of animal. The brain substance in the donkey mane hair occupies most of the hair, is represented by densely grouped cells, sometimes interrupted, whereas in the horse mane hair, it has the appearance of grouped rounded cells with small intervals between sections of 6–10 cells. The brain substance of the donkey covering hair is represented by cells of different size and shape, which disappear from the middle of the hair to the peripheral end. This tendency is also typical for the brain substance of the horse covering hair, but unlike donkey hair – cells of the same size, begin with a continuous cord at a distance of 1–1.5 mm from the root of the hair, towards the peripheral end of the hair the gaps between them increase to the complete disappearance of cells. Ultramicroscopic examination of the cuticle superficial drawing of hair samples allowed to establish the peculiarities of two species of the same animal genus. The donkey and horse mane hair had almost the same thickness, the number of scales (waves) per 100 μm of hair length and the size of the scales (wavelength), however, the overall drawing was significantly different. Superficial drawing of hair cuticle from horse mane represented by irregular waves with sharp pointed edges of scales, instead, the donkey has fringed edges of scales. The horse's covering hair was thicker than the donkey's hair and had differences in the location and shape of the scales. Superficial drawing of covering hair cuticle of donkey represented by a regular wave of scales with clear and even edges, while the scales on the surface of the covering hair of the horse have indistinct torn edges and collected in intermittent (irregular) waves.

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“…As a result of these and other studies, transgender women are commonly treated with anti‐androgens to decrease hair growth on the body and face (Tangpricha & den Heijer, ). Seasonal influence on region‐specific hair growth is apparent in animals and molecular studies have been carried out in red deer and horses (Osthaus et al., ; Thornton et al., ). Even human hair growth shows some seasonal influence (Randall & Ebling, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morpho‐regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone‐dependent morpho‐regulatory modules

et al. 2018

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Many animals can change the size, shape, texture and color of their regenerated coats in response to different ages, sexes, or seasonal environmental changes. Here we propose that the feather core branching morphogenesis module can be regulated by sex hormones or other environmental factors to change feather forms, textures or colors, thus generating a large spectrum of complexity for adaptation. We use sexual dimorphisms of the chicken to explore the role of hormones. A long-standing question is whether the sex-dependent feather morphologies are autonomously controlled by the male or female cell types, or extrinsically controlled and reversible. We have recently identified core feather branching molecular modules which control the anterior-posterior (BMP, Wnt gradient), medio-lateral (Retinoic signaling, Gremlin), and proximo-distal (Sprouty, BMP) patterning of feathers. We hypothesize that morpho-regulation, through quantitative modulation of existing parameters, can act on core branching modules to topologically tune the dimension of each parameter during morphogenesis and regeneration. Here we explore the involvement of hormones in generating sexual dimorphisms using exogenously delivered hormones. Our strategy is to mimic male androgen levels by applying exogenous dihydrotestosterone and aromatase inhibitors to adult females and to mimic female estradiol levels by injecting exogenous estradiol to adult males. We also examine differentially expressed genes in the feathers of wildtype male and female chickens to identify potential downstream modifiers of feather morphogenesis. The data show male and female feather morphology and their color patterns can be modified extrinsically through molting and resetting the stem cell niche during regeneration.

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Hair coat properties of donkeys, mules and horses in a temperate climate

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Comparison of the Surface Thermal Patterns of Horses and Donkeys in Infrared Thermography Images

Comparison of the Surface Thermal Patterns of Horses and Donkeys in Infrared Thermography Images

Characteristics of the microscopic hair structure of domestic mammals from Equidae family

Morpho‐regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone‐dependent morpho‐regulatory modules

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