Hair as a matrix to evaluate cumulative and aggregate exposure to pesticides in winegrowers

Polledri, Elisa; Mercadante, Rosa; Nijssen, Rosalie; Consonni, Dario; Mol, Hans; Fustinoni, Silvia

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.061

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As far as we know, there are no epidemiologic data existing about blood concentration levels after exposure in humans. The exposure to pesticides in farmers and the general population living close to a treated area is mostly evaluated through quantification of pesticides in hair [ 40 , 41 ]. Our results call for such biomonitoring to evaluate the real level of exposure and to drive future research with a range of concentrations established experimentally rather than theoretically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Exposure to SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Bixafen Induces a Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Selective Human Cell Lines

et al. 2021

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Fungicides are used to suppress the growth of fungi for crop protection. The most widely used fungicides are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) that act by blocking succinate dehydrogenase, the complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. As recent reports suggested that SDHI-fungicides could not be selective for their fungi targets, we tested the mitochondrial function of human cells (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells or PBMCs, HepG2 liver cells, and BJ-fibroblasts) after exposure for a short time to Boscalid and Bixafen, the two most used SDHIs. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to assess the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the level of mitochondrial superoxide radical. The OCR was significantly decreased in the three cell lines after exposure to both SDHIs. The level of mitochondrial superoxide increased in HepG2 after Boscalid and Bixafen exposure. In BJ-fibroblasts, mitochondrial superoxide was increased after Bixafen exposure, but not after Boscalid. No significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide was observed in PBMCs. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the number of early apoptotic cells in HepG2 exposed to both SDHIs, but not in PBMCs and BJ-fibroblasts, results consistent with the high level of mitochondrial superoxide found in HepG2 cells after exposure. In conclusion, short-term exposure to Boscalid and Bixafen induces a mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Short-Term Exposure to SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Bixafen Induces a Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Selective Human Cell Lines

et al. 2021

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“…We measured the concentrations of 170 active ingredients and derivative metabolites in hair samples from 50 adult Andean individuals living in rural and urban areas, using validated analytical methods 31 . Hair matrix has proven to be efficient in assessing pesticide exposure over a period covering weeks to months 32 , 33 , despite not providing toxicokinetic information. Moreover, the hair matrix offers another advantage in epidemiological studies, as it is not sensitive to intraday variabilities like urine and plasma compartments 34 , 35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hair matrix has proven to be efficient in assessing pesticide exposure over a period covering weeks to months 32,33 , despite not providing toxicokinetic information. Moreover, the hair matrix offers another advantage in epidemiological studies, as it is not sensitive to intraday variabilities like urine and plasma compartments 34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure assessment of 170 pesticide ingredients and derivative metabolites in people from the Central Andes of Peru

Honles

Clisson²,

Monge

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The Central Andes of Peru are a region of great concern regarding pesticide risk to the health of local communities. Therefore, we conducted an observational study to assess the level of pesticide contamination among Andean people. Analytical chemistry methods were used to measure the concentrations of 170 pesticide-related compounds in hair samples from 50 adult Andean subjects living in rural and urban areas. As part of the study, a questionnaire was administered to the subjects to collect information regarding factors that increase the risk of pesticide exposure. Our results indicate that Andean people are strongly exposed to agrochemicals, being contaminated with a wide array of pesticide-related compounds at high concentration levels. Multivariate analyses and geostatistical modeling identified sociodemographic factors associated with rurality and food origin that increase pesticide exposure risk. The present study represents the first comprehensive investigation of pesticide-related compounds detected in body samples collected from people living in the Central Andes of Peru. Our findings pinpoint an alarming environmental situation that threatens human health in the region and provide a rationale for improving public policies to protect local communities.

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“…These results showed a limited detection window of urine for long‐term biomonitoring of occupational exposure to glyphosate. On the contrary, hair testing has been presented as the best approach to document long‐term or regular consumption or exposure to many pesticides (Çelik et al, 2021; Polledri et al, 2019). It is now well admitted that hair presents an average linear growth of 1 cm per month, indicating that each centimeter of hair represents a cumulative exposure to the compound during 1 month (LeBeau et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, hair sampling is noninvasive and easy to practice. Studies in the general population to evaluate actual exposures via diet and above all in occupationally exposed workers (glyphosate sprayers like farmers but also glyphosate production workers) are needed, and hair testing could be of great interest in these studies, as demonstrated with other pesticides (Polledri et al, 2019). However, to our knowledge, glyphosate has never been tested in hair.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in human hair quantified by an LC‐MS/MS method

Alvarez

Etting

Larabi

2022

Biomedical Chromatography

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An LC-MS/MS method for hair testing of glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), its main biodegradation product, has been developed. After decontamination, 50 mg of hair was ground and sonicated in water for 2 h. The method was fully validated in the 5-500 pg/mg range for glyphosate and 10-500 pg/mg for AMPA, and the limits of detection were 2 and 5 pg/mg, respectively. Matrix effect for glyphosate and AMPA was compensated by an isotope-labeled internal standard.Hair samples from four farmers who regularly used glyphosate and one farmer who used glyphosate but not his wife and 14 hair samples from nonoccupationally exposed subjects were tested. Glyphosate was found in head hair of three farmers, with concentration in the range 14-188 pg/mg. The fourth was found negative but with hair colored in red. Glyphosate was detected in 10 of 14 hair samples from nonoccupationally exposed subjects at concentrations of 11.5 pg/mg or lower and only in one segment (0-3 cm) of the farmer's spouse (6 pg/mg). AMPA was detected in five subjects, above the limit of quantification only in two of three occupationally exposed subjects with positive glyphosate.Further studies should be conducted to validate this potential new biomarker that could be useful for assessing long-term exposure to glyphosate.aminomethylphosphonic acid, biomonitoring, glyphosate, hair, long-term exposure | INTRODUCTIONGlyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl-glycine, M w = 169.1, Figure 1a) was registered in 1974 in the United States as a broad-spectrum contact herbicide. Its use has dramatically increased by more than 100-fold over the past four decades, and global estimates of its use suggest that sufficient glyphosate-based herbicide was applied in 2014 to spray nearly 0.5 kg of glyphosate on every hectare of cropland on the planet, making glyphosate the most widely used herbicide in the world (Vandenberg et al., 2017). Once applied, it diffuses into water where it persists for many weeks before being transformed by bacteria into aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA, Figure 1b) (La Cecilia & Maggi, 2018). Its environmental half-life is 47 days at 25 C with light exposure or 267 days in the dark at the same temperature (Mercurio et al., 2014). This persistence increases the risk, as with many pesticides, of accumulation and environmental exposure to this compound.In 2015, the European Food Safety Authority defined an acute reference dose (ARfD), corresponding to an estimate of a substance that can be ingested once without appreciable health risk to the consumer.Glyphosate ARfD has been estimated at 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, thus recognizing for the first time an acute toxicity of this chemical (European Food Safety Authority, 2015). Few epidemiological studies examining the impact of chronic glyphosate exposure on human diseases have been published. On March 20, 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization classified glyphosate in group 2A of active chemicals, namely a probable carcinogen to humans (Guyton et al., 2015). ...

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Hair as a matrix to evaluate cumulative and aggregate exposure to pesticides in winegrowers

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

The Short-Term Exposure to SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Bixafen Induces a Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Selective Human Cell Lines

The Short-Term Exposure to SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Bixafen Induces a Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Selective Human Cell Lines

Exposure assessment of 170 pesticide ingredients and derivative metabolites in people from the Central Andes of Peru

Glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid in human hair quantified by an LC‐MS/MS method

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