Hair analysis for drugs in driver's license regranting. A Swedish pilot study

Kronstrand, Robert; Nyström, Ingrid; Forsman, Malin; Käll, Kerstin

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.036

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Due to the small amount of hair specimen usually available for analysis, multianalyte methods are recommended, saving time, costs and amount of specimen required. To date, several analytical procedures for testing of drugs in hair have been reported, with most of them, focused on the validation of methods for the detection of drugs of abuse usually found in hair [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. The most important validation parameters (recovery, intra-assay and interassay precision and accuracy and limit of detection and quantification) as a function of analytical method and matrix extraction for different drugs of abuse determined in hair are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Determination Of Drugs Of Abuse In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To test for the high number of drugs and metabolites in hair samples, pharmacotoxicology laboratories are required to update analytical procedures, in order to achieve rapid, simple and sensitive analyses with reduced sample preparation and instrumental processing, to finally increase overall sample-throughput. Different methods have been proposed for testing class-specific groups of compounds [66,69,[72][73][74][77][78][79], but only a few articles describe extensive analysis of multiclass drugs [60,61,[63][64][65]67,68,75,76,80] with some including also methods for THC quantification [62,70,71].…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Determination Of Drugs Of Abuse In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

et al. 2015

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Perinatal exposure to one or more drugs of abuse can affect the neonate temporarily or permanently. In addition to meconium, the evaluation of perinatal exposure to drugs of abuse has been achieved by testing biological matrices coming from the newborn (neonatal hair) and from the pregnant or nursing mother (maternal hair and breast milk). These matrices have the advantage of noninvasive collection and account for a sizable time window of active and passive exposure. Sensitive and specific analytical methods are required to determine minute amounts of drugs of abuse and metabolites in these matrices. The present manuscript reviews the newest analytical methods developed to detect drugs of abuse as well as ethanol biomarkers in maternal and neonatal hair and breast milk.

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Section: Analytical Methods For Determination Of Drugs Of Abuse In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For Determination Of Drugs Of Abuse In Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

et al. 2015

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“…14) In Sweden, a person's driving license is suspended after being convicted for petty drug offense or driving under the influence of drugs. 15) To regain the license, the person has to prove that he or she has been drug-free during a specified observation period. Reliable oral fluid screening devices for onsite screening of drugged drivers are both useful and convenient for maintaining road safety.…”

Section: Testing For Drugs Of Abuse In Saliva Of Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, many suspected drug users find it difficult or embarrassing to urinate while being observed. 15) The collection of oral fluid for drug analysis is easy and non-invasive. Oral fluid has demonstrated its usefulness for the analysis of drugs of abuse.…”

Section: Oral Fluid (Saliva)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prolonged detection window may also provide more reliable information to the physician. 44) In order to evaluate the usefulness of hair specimens and investigate practical and interpretive problems or advantages with the use of hair specimens, Kronstrand et al 15) conducted hair analysis for drugs prior to re-issuing drivers' licenses as a Swedish pilot study. Ninety-nine hair specimens and 198 urine specimens were collected from 84 individuals during the 12-month study period.…”

Section: Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Specimens

Saito

Kikuchi

et al. 2011

JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE

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Recent reports of the analysis of drugs of abuse in biological specimens are reviewed herein. Different perspectives from reviews so far published and the need for and the background of drug analysis in biological specimens, and difficulty of drug testing in biological specimens are introduced. Comprehensive biological specimens for the analysis of drugs of abuse in forensic science, including oral fluid (saliva), hair, umbilical cord, placenta, meconium, cadaver tissue (brain, adipose), sweat, breath, and nail clippings, in addition to the commonly used blood and urine specimens in clinical chemistry, are described along with their outlines, advantages/disadvantages, and actual examples. Today, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the method of choice for the analysis of drugs of abuse. A simultaneous screening method for multiple types of drugs has also become popular recently. However, because qualitative determination remains important in forensic science, gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) is still in use even if it requires complicated specimen preparation and derivatization procedures. This is because GC-MS is reliable and has been employed ever since for the appraisal of trials.

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Is urine an alternative to cosmetically treated hair for the detection of drugs and alcohol?

Agius

Dufaux

Kahl

et al. 2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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This study attempts to assess the utility of the urine matrix as an alternative to cosmetically treated hair for the detection of drugs and alcohol for driving licence re-granting in 1026 cosmetically treated hair samples and 33 262 urine routine samples. No significant difference was observed between the percentage positive samples in cosmetically treated hair to those in urine at both the 95% and 99% significance level for amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, and methadone. Significant difference was found between the positivity rates of cannabinoids in cosmetically treated hair and that in urine indicating urine to be a better alternative to the use of the hair matrix even when cosmetically treated. The opposite was observed for the alcohol consumption marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) for which the positivity rate in cosmetically treated hair was twice that in urine samples. Particularly for alcohol abstinence monitoring, as for the rehabilitative driving licence re-granting medical and psychological assessment (MPA) programme in Germany, it seems that ethyl glucuronide (EtG) in hair presents a much better alternative than urine testing, even when cosmetically treated hair is analyzed. Moreover, segmentation is an additional advantage of hair testing which can provide additional useful information.

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Hair analysis for drugs in driver's license regranting. A Swedish pilot study

Cited by 38 publications

References 14 publications

Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Maternal and Neonatal Hair and Breast Milk in The Assessment of Perinatal Exposure to Drugs of Abuse

Analysis of Drugs of Abuse in Biological Specimens

Is urine an alternative to cosmetically treated hair for the detection of drugs and alcohol?

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