Hair analysis can support the follow‐up addiction care after acute New Psychoactive Substances intoxication: Illustration by two cases

Lagoutte-Renosi, Jennifer; Richeval, Camille; Phanithavong, Mélodie; Wiart, Jean-François; Castex, Eugénie; Vanhoy, Xavier; Hakim, Florian; Deheul, Sylvie; Tournebize, Juliana; Allorge, Delphine; Gaulier, Jean-Michel

doi:10.1002/dta.2936

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In accordance with the 5-MD metabolic pathway previously proposed by Michely et al using HL-MS and in vivo studies in rats, five metabolites of 5-MD were identified in hair: A N -dealkyl 5-MD, two monohydroxylated 5-MD (hydroxylation occurred on aryl and alkyl), an N -dealkyl and hydroxy ( N -dealkyl-HO-5MD), and O -demethyl 5-MD [ 9 , 41 ]. It was not found in its glucuronide form ( O -demethylglucuronide 5-MD).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Among 32 articles ( Table S1 from Supplementary Materials ), 12 studies have developed methods for the detection of both classical drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in hair; only 7 out 12 were applied to real cases, confirming the reliability of the method. In particular, Lagoutte-Renosi et al (2021), Rust et al (2012), Larabi et al (2019), and Salomone et al (2017) found a wide number and variety of NPS in hair, confirming the strength of the developed method [ 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. All the cited methods have been applied through an LC-MS/MS system, using different incubation and extraction methods.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Lagoutte-Renosi and co-authors detected α-pyrrolidinohexiophenone (α-PHP) together with two main metabolites; in particular, a product of two hydroxylations and oxidation at the pyrrolidine ring (diOH α-PHP, <10 pg/mg), a glucuronided monohydroxylated alpha-PHP, a dihydro-alpha-PHP (reduction of the keto moiety, H2 alpha-PHP, <20 pg/mg), and its glucurinated form [ 9 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was not found in its glucuronide form ( O -demethylglucuronide 5-MD). Among 1-(1,2-diphenylethyl)-piperidine (DIP) metabolites, only hydroxylated DIP was found in hair, while tests were negative for dihydroxylated DIP and glucuronided hydroxylated DIP [ 9 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review

et al. 2021

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The analysis of psychoactive substances in hair is of great importance for both clinical and forensic toxicologists since it allows one to evaluate past and continuative exposure to xenobiotics. In particular, a new challenge is represented by new psychoactive substances: Among this new class of drugs of abuse, synthetic cathinone and phenethylamine derivatives are often detected in biological samples. Hence, there is a growing need to develop new analytical procedures or improve old ones in order to conduct evaluations of these emerging substances. This study is a systematic review of all the instrumental and experimental data available in the literature. A total of 32 articles were included in the review. Acidic solvents proved to be the most reliable solutions for extraction. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometric and high-resolution mass spectrometric systems represent the majority of the involved instrumental techniques. Sensitivity must be maintained at the pg/mg level to detect any occurrences up to occasional consumption. In total, 23 out of 32 articles reported real positive samples. The most frequently detected substance in hair was mephedrone, followed by butylone, methylone, MDPV, and α-pyrrolidinophenone-type substances.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…Comprehensive screenings of drugs and toxic compounds were carried out in the methanolic solutions obtained from pellets and in the hair extract using two previously reported methods using (i) liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection (LC-HRMS), and (ii) liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-MS-MS) (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Briefly, the chromatographic separation of the samples was performed in (i) an HSS C18 Acquity UPLC column (Waters, Manchester, UK), and (ii) an Acquity™ UPLC BEH C18 column (Waters, Manchester, UK).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhumation of a Methamphetamine Body Packer: Pitfalls of Hair Result Interpretation

Hakim

Nassibou²,

Gish³

et al. 2021

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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Carrying out toxicological investigations in biological samples (e.g. hair) collected from extensively decomposed bodies and even more interpretation of subsequently obtained results is challenging, even more in some particular circumstances of death. In order to illustrate these pitfalls, we report the case of the exhumation of a methamphetamine body-packer. Autopsy examination of a 41-year-old man, one year after his burial, revealed the presence of 44 green pellets (7 out of 44 were torn) along all the gastrointestinal tract. A 6-cm long dark hair strand and pellets were sampled for toxicological analyses. Large toxicological screenings were applied to hair and pellets using both LC-MS/MS and LC-HRMS. Intact pellets contained around 10 g of methamphetamine (MA) with a purity ranging from 29 to 35 %. Positive hair results were amiodarone (4.12 ng/mg), desethylamiodarone (5.29 ng/mg) and methamphetamine (7.63 ng/mg). Methamphetamine pellets in gastrointestinal tract were consistent with the autopsy conclusion, i.e. fatal intoxication due to in corpore pellet rupture in a body-packer (the victim was initially deemed to have died from heart failure). In the absence of available data in the literature, amiodarone and metabolite presence in hair could putatively be the consequence of a chronic treatment. Methamphetamine hair concentration was similar to those observed in regular consumers. However, interpreting this hair result is challenging due to (i) the possibility of contamination by sweat at the time of death, and (ii) the probable contamination by putrefaction fluids. This latter hypothesis (artifactual contamination during the post-mortem period) is highly supported by high concentration of methamphetamine in decontamination bath, and even more by the absence of the major methamphetamine metabolite (amphetamine) in hair. As a conclusion, in this particular situation, the hair analysis result (presence of MA and concomitant absence of amphetamine) is in agreement with the previously-established cause of death.

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2‐MeOPP positive hair result in case of urapidil treatment

Gish¹,

Baes

Richeval

et al. 2022

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Hair analysis can support the follow‐up addiction care after acute New Psychoactive Substances intoxication: Illustration by two cases

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review

New Synthetic Cathinones and Phenylethylamine Derivatives Analysis in Hair: A Review

Exhumation of a Methamphetamine Body Packer: Pitfalls of Hair Result Interpretation

2‐MeOPP positive hair result in case of urapidil treatment

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