Hailstones: A Window into the Microbial and Chemical Inventory of a Storm Cloud

Šantl-Temkiv, Tina; Finster, Kai; Dittmar, Thorsten; Hansen, Benni Winding; Thyrhaug, Runar; Nielsen, Niels; Karlson, U.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053550

Cited by 195 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The groups relevant to our study are delineated by the aromaticity index (AI) 37,38 and H/C cutoffs 38 : combustion-derived polycyclic aromatics (AI40.66), vascular plant-derived polyphenols (0.66ZAI40.50), highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds (AIr0.50 and H/Co1.5), and aliphatic compounds (2.0ZH/CZ1.5).…”

Section: Ft-icr-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology

et al. 2014

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Despite the small continental coverage of lakes, they are hotspots of carbon cycling, largely due to the processing of terrestrially derived dissolved organic matter (DOM). As DOM is an amalgam of heterogeneous compounds comprising gradients of microbial and physicochemical reactivity, the factors influencing DOM processing at the molecular level and the resulting patterns in DOM composition are not well understood. Here we show, using ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry to unambiguously identify 4,032 molecular formulae in 120 lakes across Sweden, that the molecular composition of DOM is shaped by precipitation, water residence time and temperature. Terrestrially derived DOM is selectively lost as residence time increases, with warmer temperatures enhancing the production of nitrogen-containing compounds. Using biodiversity concepts, we show that the molecular diversity of DOM, or chemodiversity, increases with DOM and nutrient concentrations. The observed molecular-level patterns indicate that terrestrially derived DOM will become more prevalent in lakes as climate gets wetter.

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Section: Ft-icr-ms Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology

et al. 2014

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“…Soils are an important source of OM that is present in atmospheric water vapor. For example, while hailstones from storm clouds harbor primarily plant-surface bacteria, the molecular composition of DOM contains mainly soil-derived sources suggesting a fast transfer of OM from soils to the atmosphere (Šantl-Temkiv et al, 2013). In addition to being solubilized to DOM (Greenfield, 1957), particulate organic matter (POM) is also "washed" from the atmosphere by rainfall, acting as an additional flux of carbon to the earth's surface (Monteith et al, 2007).…”

Section: Above-ground Carbon Flow Pathsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Carbon Goes When Water Flows: Carbon Cycling across the Aquatic Continuum

et al. 2017

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The purpose of this review is to highlight progress in unraveling carbon cycling dynamics across the continuum of landscapes, inland waters, coastal oceans, and the atmosphere. Earth systems are intimately interconnected, yet most biogeochemical studies focus on specific components in isolation. The movement of water drives the carbon cycle, and, as such, inland waters provide a critical intersection between terrestrial and marine biospheres. Inland, estuarine, and coastal waters are well studied in regions near centers of human population in the Northern hemisphere. However, many of the world's large river systems and their marine receiving waters remain poorly characterized, particularly in the tropics, which contribute to a disproportionately large fraction of the transformation of terrestrial organic matter to carbon dioxide, and the Arctic, where positive feedback mechanisms are likely to amplify global climate change. There are large gaps in current coverage of environmental observations along the aquatic continuum. For example, tidally-influenced reaches of major rivers and near-shore coastal regions around river plumes are often left out of carbon budgets due to a combination of methodological constraints and poor data coverage. We suggest that closing these gaps could potentially alter global estimates of CO 2 outgassing from surface waters to the atmosphere by several-fold. Finally, in order to identify and constrain/embrace uncertainties in global carbon budget estimations it is important that we further adopt statistical and modeling approaches that have become well-established in the fields of oceanography and paleoclimatology, for example.

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“…Detected masses were matched across all samples, and molecular formulae (maximum elemental abundances set to C n H n O n N 4 S 1 ) were assigned to masses with a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of 4 and allowing a mass error of o0.5 p.p.m., using in-house programmed Matlab (MathWorks, Natwick, MA, USA) routines. Based on the elemental composition, molecules detected via FT-ICR-MS were assigned to 'molecular categories' (black carbon, polyphenols, highly unsaturated/unsaturated aliphatics, saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, peptides) as proposed by Šantl-Temkiv et al (2013). Owing to the high number of possible structural isomers behind each molecular formulae (Hertkorn et al, 2006), this classification is not unambiguous but exclusive (that is, categories are not overlapping) and it provides a useful, though rough, overview on likely molecular classes in DOM.…”

Section: Dom Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine system

et al. 2016

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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the main substrate and energy source for heterotrophic bacterioplankton. To understand the interactions between DOM and the bacterial community (BC), it is important to identify the key factors on both sides in detail, chemically distinct moieties in DOM and the various bacterial taxa. Next-generation sequencing facilitates the classification of millions of reads of environmental DNA and RNA amplicons and ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry yields up to 10 000 DOM molecular formulae in a marine water sample. Linking this detailed biological and chemical information is a crucial first step toward a mechanistic understanding of the role of microorganisms in the marine carbon cycle. In this study, we interpreted the complex microbiological and molecular information via a novel combination of multivariate statistics. We were able to reveal distinct relationships between the key factors of organic matter cycling along a latitudinal transect across the North Sea. Total BC and DOM composition were mainly driven by mixing of distinct water masses and presumably retain their respective terrigenous imprint on similar timescales on their way through the North Sea. The active microbial community, however, was rather influenced by local events and correlated with specific DOM molecular formulae indicative of compounds that are easily degradable. These trends were most pronounced on the highest resolved level, that is, operationally defined 'species', reflecting the functional diversity of microorganisms at high taxonomic resolution.

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Hailstones: A Window into the Microbial and Chemical Inventory of a Storm Cloud

Cited by 195 publications

References 40 publications

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology

Chemodiversity of dissolved organic matter in lakes driven by climate and hydrology

Where Carbon Goes When Water Flows: Carbon Cycling across the Aquatic Continuum

Deciphering associations between dissolved organic molecules and bacterial communities in a pelagic marine system

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