Hail suppression effectiveness for varying solubility of natural aerosols in water

Kovačević, Nemanja

doi:10.1007/s00703-018-0587-4

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Modeling studies are by far the most determinant for supporting the activities of hail suppression. Recent studies took advantage of the current computational capabilities to provide a theoretical framework for weather modification, with sensitivity studies evaluating the solubility of natural aerosols (Kovačević, 2019); the influence of cloud droplet concentration on hail suppression effectiveness (Kovačević and Curić, 2014) or the effect of different cloud seeding agents (Najafi et al, 2015). The main limitations of these studies are the large computational cost of modeling hail events considering different bulk cloud physics parameterizations and the lack of observations for model validation.…”

Section: A Call For An Improved Science-policy Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sixty Years of Hail Suppression Activities in Mendoza, Argentina: Uncertainties, Gaps in Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Rivera

Otero

Tamayo

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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This paper provides a perspective based on the evaluation of scientific evidence of hail suppression activities in Mendoza, Argentina. The province of Mendoza was home to several cloud-seeding projects over the years intended to prevent hail damage to agriculture. Those projects were motivated by the paramount importance of wine production for the regional and national economy. We discuss the uncertainties and gaps in knowledge identified in the results from the hail suppression activities, framing the available research over the study area on a global context. The results of this study indicate that there is no unequivocal scientific evidence that proves a statistically significant reduction of hail frequency and size as a consequence of hail suppressing activities in Mendoza. Such lack of evidence questions the reliability of the projects after almost 60 years of cloud seeding. By analyzing the existing gaps in knowledge in terms of observations, modeling evaluations and understanding of severe convective systems, the study provides a description of future directions and alternatives for hail damage mitigation that need a better science-policy integration. This study can be replicated in other regions where hail suppressing activities are taking place.

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Section: A Call For An Improved Science-policy Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sixty Years of Hail Suppression Activities in Mendoza, Argentina: Uncertainties, Gaps in Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Rivera

Otero

Tamayo

et al. 2020

Front. Environ. Sci.

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show abstract

“…While initial cloud droplet changes due to increasing concentrations of CCN have been elucidated (Reutter et al, 2009;Twomey, 1977), many studies have shown that the subsequent responses of convective clouds to changes in CCN concentrations are complex and even contradictory (Khain et al, 2005;Barthlott and Hoose, 2018;Lim and Hong, 2010;Saleeby et al, 2016). CCN-induced reduction of cloud droplet size makes the cloud droplet collision-coalescence process less efficient, and the cloud to rain auto-conversion process is inhibited (Albrecht, 1989), which weakens the warm rain process and reduces surface precipitation (Wang, 2005;Marinescu et al, 2017;Kovačević, 2018;Lerach and Cotton, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The numerical study on the sensitivity of different auto-conversion parameterization to CCN concentration

Liu²,

Yuan³

2023

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The auto-conversion from cloud droplet to raindrop is a process whereby rain drops formed by collision-coalescence of cloud droplets. As an essential link connecting aerosol-cloud interaction, it significantly influences the changes in cloud morphology and precipitation. In order to explore the sensitivity of auto-conversion schemes to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration, using the auto-conversion scheme in the Thompson scheme (TH-AU) and Milbrandt-Yau scheme (MY-AU), we set four groups of CCN concentrations to simulate a strong convection process in Ningxia region of China. The results show that: The sensitivity of different auto-conversion schemes to changes in CCN concentrations varies significantly, and the aerosol-induced changes in precipitation and convection strongly depend on the auto-conversion scheme. With the increase of CCN concentration, the mixing ratio of cloud droplets increases, and the particle size decreases, resulting in a decrease in the auto-conversion intensity for the two schemes, which makes more supercooled water participate in the ice phase process. Compared with the TH-AU, the MY-AU has lower auto-conversion intensity at the same CCN concentration, the proportion of supercooled cloud droplets participating in the ice phase process is higher than that in the TH-AU, which leads to the raindrop mixing ratio of 4000–6000 m in MY-AU is lower than that in TH-AU at the same CCN concentration, and the mixing ratio of ice phase particles in MY-AU scheme is higher in the convective mature stage, especially snow and graupel particles, and the graupel particle generation height of MY-AU is lower than that of TH-AU. In terms of dynamic structure, with the increase of CCN concentration, more cloud droplets are activated and frozen which makes the enhancement of updraft mainly occur in the upper layer in both schemes, but the stronger gravitational drag caused by graupel particles in MY-AU may enhance the downdraft in the middle and lower layers, which makes the convection of MY-AU decay early at higher CCN concentration. In addition, changes in microphysical processes also lead to differences in cumulative precipitation and accumulated ground graupel-fall of the two schemes. The cumulative precipitation and the accumulated ground graupel-fall of the MY-AU decrease strongly with the increase of CCN concentration because the warm rain process of MY-AU is strongly inhibited. Compared with MY-AU, the warm rain process of TH-AU is not significantly inhibited, which leads to the cumulative precipitation and the accumulated ground graupel-fall of the TH-AU scheme increases when the CCN concentration is 50–200 cm−3 and slightly decreases when the CCN concentration is 200–10000 cm−3.

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Multi-component elastomeric composites based on castor oil/AgI/KI for cloud seeding: processing and modeling of reagent efficiency

et al. 2022

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Hail suppression effectiveness for varying solubility of natural aerosols in water

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Sixty Years of Hail Suppression Activities in Mendoza, Argentina: Uncertainties, Gaps in Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Sixty Years of Hail Suppression Activities in Mendoza, Argentina: Uncertainties, Gaps in Knowledge and Future Perspectives

The numerical study on the sensitivity of different auto-conversion parameterization to CCN concentration

Multi-component elastomeric composites based on castor oil/AgI/KI for cloud seeding: processing and modeling of reagent efficiency

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