Hagfish Systematics

Fernholm, Bo

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5834-3_3

Cited by 66 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Hagfishes occur in all oceans, except for the polar seas. Living hagfishes are classified into six genera, Myxine, Eptatretus, Paramyxine, Nemamyxine, Neomyxine, and Notomyxine , although their taxonomy is still confused and the number of genera recognized tends to differ between researchers (see Nelson, 1994;Fernholm, 1998;Wisner, 1999;McMillan and Wisner, 2004). This confusion is due mainly to the limitation of available morphological characters: all the species have an eel-like body shape without any distinct and stable color patterns (Fernholm, 1998;McMillan and Wisner, 2004;see Figs.…”

Section: Molecular Approaches To Systematics and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms in Locomotor Activity of the Hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. VI. The Effects of Cutting the Spinal Cord.

Ooka-Souda¹,

Kadota²,

Takeuchi³

2000

Zoolog Sci

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Due to their curious phylogenetic position and anatomy, hagfishes have attracted the interest of zoologists, especially in the context of vertebrate evolution. Embryological information on these animals is now also needed in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo), as it is expected to provide hints about the origin of vertebrate traits, whether the hagfishes are an in-or outgroup of vertebrates. This review summarizes the importance of hagfish embryology from a phylogenetic perspective, and the history of attempts to obtain hagfish eggs and embryos. Clearly, the main difficulty associated with these animals is their deep-sea habitat. To circumvent this problem, this review also discusses the future prospects for obtaining embryological material, both from the wild and in the laboratory.Key words: hagfish, embryo, evolution, phylogeny, development Significance of hagfish embryology in the vertebrate Evo-Devo studyHagfishes have been, and still are, recognized as among the most important animals for understanding vertebrate evolutionary history ( Fig. 1; reviewed by Janvier, 1996;Hall, 1998Hall, , 1999. One reason is that their ontogenetic development is poorly known, and the other is that their phylogenetic position remains enigmatic. A number of authors have investigated hagfishes in various ways in various biological fields, including physiology, endocrinology, immunology, and molecular biology (Brodal and Fänge, 1963;Gorbman, 1997;Jørgensen et al ., 1998;Kubota et al ., 2001;Pancer et al ., 2005). Recent studies involving large-scale sequencing analyses have also elucidated intriguing characteristics of this group (Suzuki et al ., 2004Pancer et al ., 2005). Thus, it appeared to us that it would be useful to summarize and review the few embryological studies and the previous attempts made to collect embryos of this animal group, especially with the aim of obtaining embryological information for future projects.As to the question of phylogeny, there are two major hypotheses, the cyclostome theory and the craniate theory ( Fig.

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Section: Molecular Approaches To Systematics and Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Rhythms in Locomotor Activity of the Hagfish, Eptatretus burgeri. VI. The Effects of Cutting the Spinal Cord.

Ooka-Souda¹,

Kadota²,

Takeuchi³

2000

Zoolog Sci

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“…These fi shes are characterized by having vestigial eyes, three paired sets of sensory barbels, two sets of laterally everting and biting-scraping keratinous cusps (or teeth) attached to a dental plate (in turn attached to the anterior end of the dental muscle), a series of slime pores located along the lower side of the body, and by lacking paired fi ns (Fernholm 1998, Nelson 2006.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hagfi shes are scavenger feeders, mostly eating the insides of dying or dead invertebrates and fi shes (Fernholm 1998, Nelson 2006, Clark and Summers 2012, and they are the only craniates in which the body fl uids are isosmotic with seawater (Nelson 2006). These fi shes occur in all oceans at depths between 15 and 5000 m (Nelson 2006, Fernholm and Mincarone 2010, Fernholm et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The taxonomy of hagfi shes is based mainly on the variation in the teeth and gill structures, as well as a limited set of meristic, morphological, and colour characteristics, with the latest review of the family by Fernholm (1998) and Fernholm et al (2013). Currently, members of the family are divided into three subfamilies: Myxininae, Eptatretinae, and Rubicundinae (see Fernholm et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Myxine is the most diverse within the subfamily Myxininae (see Fernholm 1998, Fernholm et al 2013 and is characterized by the following combination of characters:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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